Page:An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language.djvu/350

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‘threshold,’ is wanting. Comp. AS. syll, f., E. sill, and the equiv. OIc. syll, svill, f.; allied to Goth. ga-suljan, ‘to establish,’ root swol, sū̆l, ‘to establish’; con Lat. solea (for *svolea)?. Akin also to OHG. sûl, ‘pillar’?.

schwellen, vb., ‘to swell, rise,’ from the equiv. MidHG. swëllen, OHG. swëllan; corresponding to the equiv. OSax. swëllan, Du. zwellen, AS. swëllan, E. to swell, OIc. svella; Goth. *swillan is wanting; for the Teut. root swell, swel, see Schwiele. To this is allied the vb. schwellen ‘to swell, expand’ (trans.), from MidHG. and OHG. swęllen, ‘to cause to swell,’ a factitive of schwellen. See Geschwulst.

schwemmen, vb., ‘to wash, soak, water,’ from MidHG. swęmmen, ‘to cause to swim, dip in water, wash in it’; a factitive of schwimmen.

Schwengel, m., ‘pendulum, clapper, beam,’ from MidHG. swęngel, swęnkel, m., ‘that which swings, pendulum.’ See the following word and schwingen.

schwenken, vb., ‘to swing, wave to and fro, brandish,’ from MidHG. swęnken, ‘to swing, hurl, roam, soar,’ OHG. swęnchen, ‘to strike’; comp. Du. zwenken, ‘to swing,’ AS. swęnčęan, ‘to strike, worry,’ and allied to the root swink, swing, in schwingen; comp. klingen with regard to the change of k to g at the end of the root.

schwer, adj., ‘grievous, heavy, difficult,’ from MidHG. swœre, adj., OHG. swâri, swâr, adj., ‘heavy,’ with the adv. form OHG. swâro, MidHG. swâre; OSax. swâr, Du. zwaar, AS. swœ̂r, swâr, OIc. svárr, ‘heavy.’ Akin also to Goth. swêrs, ‘honoured, respected, weighty, as it were, for heart and sense’?. See wichtig, Gewicht. Comp. Lith. sweriù (svèrti), ‘to lift, weigh,’ swarùs, ‘heavy,’ svóras, sváras, ‘weight.’

Schwert, n., ‘sword,’ from the equiv. MidHG. and OHG. swërt, n.; a common Teut. term; comp. the equiv. OSax. swerd, Du. zwaard, AS. sweord, E. sword, OIc. sverð. Goth. *swaírda-, n., is wanting, haírus being used. This latter term is the earliest recorded in Teut.; it is preserved in old West Teut., almost exclusively in old compounds, and is connected with Sans. çáru, m., ‘missile, spear.’ The later OTeut. term *swerda- has no correspondences in the non-Teut. languages.

Schwertel, n., ‘sword-lily, fleur-de-luce, iris,’ from MidHG. swërtele, OHG. swërtala, f., a derivative of Schwert, in imitation of Lat. gladiolus.

Schwester, f., ‘sister,’ from MidHG. swëster, OHG. swëster, f.; a common Teut. and also primit. Aryan word. Comp. Goth. swistar, OIc. syster, AS. sweostor, E. sister, Du. zuster, OSax. swëstar. The common Teut. stem swestr-, originated in Aryan swesr- (comp. Strom for the insertion of t in sr), nom. sing. swésô; comp. Sans. svasr-, nom. sing. svasâ, Lat. soror for *swesô-r, OSlov. sestra, Lith. sesů (for *swesô). The orig. meaning of the cognates, as in the case of Bruder, Aryan bhrãtõ (brãhtṛ), cannot be discovered; yet Schwäher, Schwieger, and Schwager (Aryan swekuros, swekrũ, swékrós) are similar in sound, so too OIc. swiljar, ‘husbands of two sisters,’ OSax. swiri, ‘nephew, sister's child’ (Aryan swesjo-?), &c., whose common component swe- signified ‘own, his,’ according to Sans. sva, Lat. suus; Comp. sein. For the Aryan terms of consanguinity comp. Vater, Mutter, &c.

Schwibbogen, m., ‘stone arch, arcade, flying buttress,’ from MidHG. swiboge, OHG. swibogo, m.; the ModHG. form is an early corruption, connecting sweiboge, which had become obscure even in MidHG., with schweben and Bogen. OHG. swibogo, ‘arched vault,’ if this too is not a corruption, appears to be either an old derivative from the root swib (see schweben), hence Goth. *swib-uga, or a compound of OHG. bogo, ‘bow, arch,’ with a prefix swi-, the meaning of which is certainly not clear; comp. Goth. swi-kunþs, ‘manifest,’ OIc. sve-víss (?), svi-dauðr (?), AS. sweo-tol.

schwichtigen, see beschwichtigen.

Schwieger, f., ‘mother-in-law,’ from the equiv. MidHG. swiger, OHG. swigar (AS. swöger), f.; Aryan swekrũ; see under Schwäher.

Schwiele, f., ‘hard skin, weal,’ from the equiv. MidHG. swil, m. and n., OHG. swilo, m., swil, n.; Teut. *swiliz, pre-Teut. *swelos, n., is to be assumed; allied to the root swel in schwellen, Schwulst. Schwiele, lit. ‘swelling.’

schwierig, adj., ‘difficult, hard,’ from MidHG. swiric (g), m., ‘full of sores or ulcers,’ a derivative of Schwäre; instinctively connected by Germans, however, with schwer, and hence transformed in meaning.

schwimmen, vb., ‘to swim,’ from the equiv. MidHG. swimmen, OHG. swimman; corresponding to the equiv. OSax. swimman, Du. zwemmen, AS. swimman, E. to swim; OIc. symja points to Goth. *sumjan