Page:An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language.djvu/360

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pickle,’ appears in the compound, which has also been regarded as identical with Salpeter.

Sommer, m., ‘summer,’ from the equiv. MidHG. sumer, OHG. sumar, m.; common to Teut. in a similar form; comp. Du. zomer, AS. sumor, E. summer, OIc. sumar. Sans. samâ, ‘year,’ Zend ham, ‘summer,’ Armen. amaṙn, ‘summer’ (but am, ‘year’), OIr. sam, samrad, Cymr. ham, haf, ‘summer,’ are cognate terms with different suffixes. Comp. Lenz, Winter, and Herbst.

ſonder, prep., ‘without,’ from the equiv. MidHG. sunder, which is prop. an adv., ‘aside, separately,’ but in OHG. and MidHG. it is frequently a conj., ‘but, rather.’ Comp. OHG. suntar, adv., ‘separately, especially, but,’ Goth. sundrô, ‘separated, alone,’ AS. sundor, E. asunder, Du. zonder, ‘without.’ Allied to Gr. ἄτερ, ‘without,’ from the prim. form sntér? With this word is connected besonders, from MidHG. besunder, ‘separately, singly.’ —

ſonderbar, adj., ‘peculiar, strange, odd,’ from MidHG. sunderbœre, ‘distinguished,’

ſonderlich, adj., ‘special, peculiar,’ from MidHG. and OHG. sunderlîch, ‘singly, especially, distinguished’;

ſondern, vb., ‘to separate, sever,’ from the equiv. MidHG. sundern, OHG. suntarôn; ſondern, conj., ‘but,’ from MidHG. suntern, a variant of sunder, ‘but, meanwhile.’

Sonne, f., ‘sun,’ from the equiv. MidHG. sunne, OHG. sunna, f.; a common Teut. term; comp. Goth. sunnô, f. and n., AS. sunne, f., E. sun, Du. zon, OSax. sunna, f. In OSax. and OHG. (MidHG.) sunno (sunne) also occurs as masc., which is similar to OHG. stër-no, mâ-no (see Stern). OIc. sól (corresponding to Goth. souil, AS. sôl), the only term used in Mod. Scand., is primit. allied to Lat. sôl, Gr. ἥλιος, ‘sun,’ which, like Sans. svar, ‘sun,’ are based on an Aryan root sā̆́w, sū̆ ‘to give light’; on this root the common Teut. term sunnôn- may also be based. —

Sonnabend, m., ‘Saturday,’ even in MidHG. sun-ábent, sunnen-âbent, OHG. sunnân-âband (also Samstag, OHG. sambaȥ-tac). MidHG. âbent is frequently used of the eve of a festival. In AS. the corresponding sunnan-œ̂fen is used only of the ‘eve of Sunday.’ It follows from what has been said under Fastnacht that the name of a part of the day was in G. applied to the whole day. According to the article Samstag, a native term for Saturday seems to have been wanting among the Teutons (perhaps they had orig. a week of only six

days). Moreover, Sonnabend is really MidG. and LG.. —

Sonntag, m., ‘Sunday,’ from MidHG. sun-tac, sunnen-tac, OHG. sunnûntag, seems to have been even the pre-Christian term, as may be inferred from the agreement with OSax. sunnun-dag, Du. zondag, E. Sunday (but OIc. dróttensdagr, ‘Lord's day’). Comp. Montag.

ſonſt, adv., ‘else, otherwise, formerly,’ from MidHG. sunst, sust, earlier MidHG. and OHG. sus, ‘thus’ (the change in meaning from ‘thus’ to ‘else’ is generally explained by the ellipse of a negative particle). OHG. and OSax. sus, Du. zus, ‘thus,’ seem to be of the same stem as OHG. and MidHG. sô.

Sorge, f., ‘care, anxiety, sorrow,’ from the equiv. MidHG. sorge, OHG. soraga, f., whose Franc. variant sworga makes it probable that the word was derived from an Aryan root swerk (to which OIr. serc, ‘love,’ is allied?) or Aryan swergh (comp. Lith. sergéti, ‘to guard’). Yet the forms in the other Teut. dials. have not the w; comp. Goth. saúrga, AS. sorh, E. sorrow, Du. zorg, OSax. sorga. Nothing certain can be asserted concerning the early history of the word.

Sorte, f., ‘sort, kind, species,’ ModHG. only, formed from Ital sorta.

ſpähen, vb., ‘to spy,’ from the equiv. MidHG. spëhen, OHG. spëhôn. This word and the OHG. and OSax. adj. spâhi, MidHG. spœhe, ‘prudent, skilful’ (and Du. bespieden, ‘to spy’?), are the sole relics of the OTeut. root speh, ‘to see,’ which, through Lat. spec in speculum, conspicio, adspectus, as well as through Sans. spaç, ‘to see’ (Gr. σκέπ-τω for *σπέκτω?), is proved to be primit. Aryan (Aryan root spek). From the Teut. cognates those of Ital. spiare, Fr. épier, ‘to spy out’ (Ital. spione, Fr. espion, ‘spy,’ whence E. spy), were borrowed at an early period.

ſpalten, vb., ‘to split, cleave,’ from the equiv. MidHG. spalten, OHG. spaltan; comp. MidLG. spǫlden, MidDu. spalden, ‘to split.’ A str. vb. peculiar to the Teutons of Middle Europe, and based on an Aryan root, sphalt; comp. Sans. sphuṭ, sphaṭ (for sphlt), ‘to crack’ (causat. ‘to split’). Probably connected with MidHG. spëlte, ‘lance splinter,’ Goth. spilda, ‘tablet,’ OIc. spjald, ‘tablet.’

Span, m., ‘sharing, chip, splinter,’ from MidHG. and OHG. spân, m., ‘chip,’ Du. spaan, ‘chip, blade of an oar,’ AS. spôn,