Page:An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language.djvu/359

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A learned term formed from Lat. smaragdus.

so, adv., ‘thus, so,’ from MidHG. and OHG. sô; corresponding to OSax. sô, which seems to represent *swô, although its relation to AS. swâ (E. so) and Goth. swa, ‘thus,’ cannot be accurately ascertained. Comp. als, also, and solch. The early history of this pronom. adv. (‘in this way’) is obscure; the fact that it assumed the function of a relative (i.e., was used as a conjunction) corresponds to a similar change in the use of der; sô appears as a relative particle in MidHG., but rarely in OHG.

Socke, f., ‘sock,’ from MidHG. soc (ck), socke, OHG. soccho, m., ‘stocking’; borrowed like Du. zok, E. sock, OIc. sokkr, from the Lat.-Rom. term soccus (Ital. socco, ‘light shoe worn by comedians,’ Fr. soc). It was introduced contemporaneously with the term derived from Lat. sûtor (see Schuster) and with Sohle (2). —

Sockel, m., ‘plinth,’ ModHG. only, formed from Fr. socle (Lat. socculus).

Sod, m., usually Sotbrennen, ‘heartburn,’ from the equiv. MidHG. sôt (d), m. and n., which lit. means ‘bubbling, boiling,’ a derivative of MidHG. sieden. Hence ModHG. Sod, signifying ‘broth, well,’ as well as the local name Soden.

sofern, conj. (insofern), ‘so far, in case,’ even in MidHG. sô vërre.

Sohle (1.), f., ModHG. only, formed like the equiv. E. sole, Swed. sola, from the Lat.-Rom. term solea, ‘flat fish’; comp. Fr. sole, Ital. soglia. Is the term Scholle (Du. schol) derived from the same source?

Sohle (2.), f., ‘sole (of the foot),’ from the equiv. MidHG. sol, sole, OHG. sola, f.; borrowed contemporaneously with Socke prior to the OHG. period from Lat. *sŏla (a variant of sŏlea), which is implied by Ital. suolo, Fr. sole, ‘sole.’ Lat. sŏlea, whence Ital. soglia, Fr. seuil, ‘threshold,’ is probably the source of Goth. sulja, ‘sole.’ The prim. kinship of OHG. sola with Lat. solea (Gr. ὑλιώ) is conceivable if Schwelle is allied.

Sohn, m., ‘son,’ from the equiv. MidHG. and OHG. sun, earlier OHG. sunu, m.; a common Teut., and further a common Aryan word (comp. Tochter, Vater, and Mutter); corresponding to Goth. sunus, AS. sunu, E. son, Du. zoon, OSax. sunu. To these Sans. sûnú; Zend hunu, OSlov. synŭ, and Lith. sûnús, ‘son,’ are primit. allied. The root sū̆ (comp. Sans. sû, ‘to give birth to’; see Sau), contained in this stem sū̆-nú-,

also forms the base of Gr. υἱός (dial. υἱύς), ‘son,’ which points to Aryan sū̆-yú- (suiw-). Comp. Schnur.

solch, pron., ‘such,’ from the equiv. MidHG. solich, solh (sülich), OHG. sulih, solih (hh and single h); corresponding to OSax. sulic, and Du. zulk. Just as AS. swâ and Goth. swa represent HG. and LG. sô, so AS. swylč (E. such), and Goth. swaleiks, ‘such,’ represent sulîk. For the form and meaning of the Teut. suffix lîko (liho-) comp. lich and welcher.

Sold, m., ‘pay, salary,’ from MidHG. solt (d), m., ‘reward for service done,’ also ‘that which is to be performed, duty, service.’ It first appears in MidHG. about 1200 A.D., and is derived from Fr. solde, ‘soldier's pay,’ which is prop. the coin, Lat. solidus, Ital. soldo (ModFr. sou); yet the double sense in MidHG. can only be explained by the influence of the vb. sollen. —

Soldat, m., ‘soldier,’ an early ModHG. loan-word, based on Ital. soldato, whence also Fr. soldat (E. soldier comes from OFr. soldoier); in MidHG. the term soldenœre with a Teut. suffix was used, and signified ‘paid warrior, mercenary.’

sollen, vb., ‘to owe, be in duty bond, be said to,’ from MidHG. soln (scholn), OHG. solan (scolan), pret. pres., ‘to owe, be obliged, be allowed, become, be indebted, be fitting.’ The corresponding abstract Schuld, f., ‘debt, guilt,’ proves, like Goth. skulan, ‘to be indebted, be bond to pay,’ that skal, ‘to owe,’ is the root (the loss of the guttural, by which the 1st per. skal became sol in OHG. and MidHG., is surprising). From this root a pret. pres. common to Teut. was formed, which assumed the function of an auxiliary vb.; comp. E. shall and Du. zal. For further details see grammars.

Söller, n., ‘upper room, garret, balcony,’ from MidHG. sölre (solre), m., ‘flat roof, floor in the first storey,’ OHG. soleri for solări, orig. sŏlâri, from Lat. sôlârium, ‘flat house-top, terrace, balcony,’ whence also OSax. soleri, Du. zolder, E. sollar, ‘open gallery or balcony, loft, garret’ (AS. solor). Corresponding to OFr. solier, ‘granary,’ Ital. solajo, solare, ‘ceiling.’ The word was borrowed prior to the OHG. period, contemporaneously with Speicher, Keller, Mauer, and Ziegel.

Solper, m., ‘brine, pickle,’ prop. a Lower Rhen. word, whose first component is Du. solt, ‘salt’; probably Du. soltbrijn, ‘brine,