Page:An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language.djvu/362

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which is usually connected with Sans. pîvan, ‘fat,’ Gr. πίων, ‘fat,’ Zend pivaṅh, ‘bacon,’ the w being assumed to be changed into q (see feck and Speichel).

Speer, m., ‘spear,’ from the equiv. MidHG. and OHG. spër, m.; common to Teut., with the corresponding terms, OIc. spjǫr, plur., ‘spear,’ AS. spëre, E. spear, Du. speer, OSax. spër (from Teut. spër is derived OFr. espier). It is uncertain how the word is connected with Lat. sparus, ‘hunting-spear’; it may be cognate, or the two languages may have borrowed it from a third. Its relation to Sparren and Sporn is doubtful.

Speiche, f., ‘spoke,’ from the equiv. MidHG. speiche, OHG. speihha, f.; a West Teut. word; comp. AS. spâce, E. spoke, Du. speek, OLG. spêca, ‘spoke.’ Its connection with OHG. spahha, ‘chip, stick,’ Du. spaak, ‘rafter,’ is not certain. Speiche is derived from a primit. Teut. spī̆k; so too the cognates of ModHG. Speichernagel, whose first component is ModHG. (simply MidG.) spîcher, m., ‘nail.’ This corresponds to Du. spijker, ‘nail,’ OIc. spik, ‘spike, sprig,’ and E. spike.

Speichel, m., ‘spittle, saliva,’ from the equiv. MidHG. speichel, OHG. speihhilla, speihhila, f.; allied to Du. speeksel (Goth. *spaikuldr?), ‘spittle.’ It is uncertain in what way these cognates are connected with the root spîw, ‘to spit’ (see speien and spucken).

Speicher, m., ‘granary, corn-loft,’ from the equiv. MidHG. spîcher, OHG. spîhheri (spîhhâri), m.; corresponding to OSax. spîkâri and Du. spijker. The permutation of the medial k to hh in HG. indicates that the word was borrowed before the 8th cent. (see Spelt). Lat. spîcârium, ‘granary,’ was probably introduced in the 4th cent. from the South of Europe with the art of building in stone (see Keller, also Söller and Ziegel); it is remarkable, however, that the word rarely occurs in the Rom. languages; Speicher is also wanting in Bav. Comp. also Speiche.

speien, vb., ‘to spit, vomit,’ from the equiv. MidHG. spîen, OHG. spîwan, str. vb.; a root vb. common to Teut. and found also in other Aryan languages. Comp. Goth. speiwan, OIc. spýja, AS. and OSax. spîwan, E. spew and Du. spuwen, ‘to spit’; corresponding to the equiv. Lat. spuo, Gr. πτύω, Lith. spiáuju, OSlov. pljują, Sans. šṭhîv. Speichel and speutzen are also connected probably with this common Aryan root spī̆w, ‘to spit.’

Speise, f., ‘food,’ from the equiv. MidHG. spîse, OHG. spîsa, f.; borrowed in the beginning of the 9th cent. from Ital. and MidLat. spêsa for spensa (with regard to OHG. î for Lat. ê, see Feier and Seide). Comp. Ital. spesa, ‘expenditure, expenses’ (whence Spesen), from Ital. spéndere, ‘to spend’ (see spenden), equiv. to Lat. expendere. Speise may have been borrowed contemporaneously with Schüffel; comp. further Goth. mêsa and OHG. miasa, from Lat. mensa.

Spelt, Spelz, m., ‘spelt,’ from the equiv. MidHG. spëlte, spëlze, OHG. spëlta, spëlza, f.; corresponding. to AS., E., and Du. spelt. The OHG. form spëlza (equiv. to AS. spelt) was borrowed, as the z indicates, prior to the OHG. period (perhaps contemporaneously with Speicher, Pflanze, and kochen) from Lat. and Ital. spelta, while the OHG. variant spëlta points to Ital. spelda. Comp. also with these Fr. épeautre, ‘spelt.’

Spende, f., ‘spending, alms,’ from MidHG. spënde, OHG. spënta, f., ‘present, gift, alms.’ ModHG. spenden, vb., ‘bestow as a gift, spend, distribute,’ from MidHG. spënden, OHG. spëntôn, ‘to distribute gratuitously,’ which was borrowed about the 7th cent. from MidLat. and Ital. spéndere (equiv. to Lat. expendere), ‘to spend’ (to which ModHG. Speise belongs); allied to E. to spend.

Spengler, m., ‘tinker,’ from the equiv. MidHG. spęngeler; a derivative of MidHG. spęngel and spange, ‘metal ornament, clasp.’

Sperber, m., ‘sparrow-hawk,’ from the equiv. MidHG. spęrwœre, sparwœre, OHG. sparwâri, m. (comp. Du. sperwer). A derivative of the Teut. sparwa-, ‘sparrow’ (see Sperling); hence sparwâri is lit. ‘bird of prey that lives on sparrows’ (in MidHG. also sprinze, f., ‘female sparrow-hawk’). OHG. sparwā̆ri is a compound of aro, ‘eagle’; comp. OHG. mûs-ari, chranuh-ari, and AS. gôs-heafoc, mûs-heafoc, spear-heafoc (‘sparrow-hawk,’ like OHG. sparw-ari). OHG. aro, ‘eagle,’ may appear as ari in the second part of a compound. From Teut. are derived the Rom. terms, Ital. sparaviere, Fr. épervier.

Sperberbaum, m., ‘service-tree,’ is a corruption of MidHG. spërboum, the origin of which is obscure.

Sperling, m., ‘sparrow,’ from the equiv. MidHG. spęrlinc (g), a dimin. of MidHG. spar, OHG. sparo, m., ‘sparrow’ (comp. E. starling, allied to ModHG. Staar), which represents the common Teut. name of the bird. Comp. Goth. sparwa, OIc. spęrr,