Page:An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language.djvu/372

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Stiel, m., ‘handle, stalk, pedicle,’ from the equiv. MidHG. and OHG. stil, m. Phonetically the assumption that the word was borrowed from Lat. stĭlus, ‘style’ (for writing), is possible. It is more probable, however, that the words are primit. allied, on account of AS. stela, steola, ‘handle’ (E. diminutive stalk), and of Gr. στέλεχος, ‘handle.’ The cognates of Stall, Stolle, and still may also be primit. allied.

Stier, m., ‘bull,’ from the equiv. MidHG. stier, OHG. stior; a common Teut. term; comp. Goth. stiur, AS. steór, E. steer, Du. stier. The remarkable variant OIc. þjórr, Dan. tyr, Swed. tjur, points to pre-Teut. teuro- and steuro-; to this OSlov. turŭ, ‘bull,’ Zend staora, ‘draught cattle,’ and the Sans. adj. sthûra, ‘great, mighty’ (OIc. stórr, OHG. stûri), are perhaps allied. Gr. ταῦρος (whence Lat. taurus) is based, as is indicated by OIr. tarb, on a primit. form tarwos.

stier, adj., ‘staring,’ ModHG. only; allied to starr.

Stift (1.), m., ‘peg, tack, style, pencil,’ from MidHG. stift (stëft), m., ‘sting, thorn, peg,’ OHG. stëft, m., ‘peg.’ A specifically HG. word, which is probably derived from the Aryan root stī̆p, ‘to project,’ appearing in steif. Lat. stîpes, ‘stake, trunk (of a tree),’ has also been connected with the same root.

Stift (2.), n., ‘charitable foundation, monastery,’ from early MidHG. stift, m. and n., ‘foundation, establishing, building, ecclesiastical foundation,’ also ‘founding, regulation, arrangement,’ to which MidHG. stiften, ‘to found, build, arrange, regulate, devise, contrive, cause,’ is allied. While the subst. is unknown to OHG., the OHG. vb. stiften occurs with the same meaning as the MidHG. vb. (comp. Du. sticht, stichten). The ht of AS. stihtan, ‘to regulate, incite,’ is abnormal; like OIc. stétt, ‘stone floor, foundation, it seems to point to a Teut. root stihw, ‘to build, found.’ The meaning of these cognates precludes any connection with Stift (1).

still, adj., ‘still, silent, quiet,’ from the equiv. MidHG. stille, OHG. (OSax.) stilli; corresponding to the equiv. Du. stil, AS. stille, E. still (adj. and adv.). A derivative of the Aryan root stel, ‘to stand’ (see Stall, stellen, and Stolle), with which Sans. sthânu (for sthalnu), ‘standing, immovable,’ is also allied. —

stillen, vb., ‘to still, pacify,’ from MidHG. and OHG. stillen, ‘to cause to be

still, bring to a standstill’ (E. to still), is a derivative of still.

Stimme, f., ‘voice, sound,’ from the equiv. MidHG. stimme, OHG. stimma, f., of which the older variant, stimna, corresponds to OSax. stëmna (stëmma), AS. stëmn, stefn (E. dial. steven, ‘noise, cry’), Goth. stibna, ‘voice.’ It is uncertain whether *stebnô- or stibnô- is the older form. The connection with Gr. στόμα, ‘mouth,’ is dubious.

stinken, vb., ‘to stink,’ from MidHG. stinken, OHG. stinchan. In OHG. and early MidHG. the verb signifies ‘to emit a smell,’ and may even mean ‘to give forth a fragrant odour’; in MidHG. the modern meaning prevails. In AS. too, stincan may mean ‘to emit a fragrant odour’ or ‘to stink’; comp. E. to stink. This West Teut. meaning, ‘to emit a (pleasant or unpleasant) smell’ (and also ‘to perceive by smell, to scent’), can scarcely be reconciled with Goth. stigqan, ‘to push,’ and Scand. støkkva, ‘to leap, squirt, hasten.’ It is probably more closely connected with Gr. ταγγός, ‘rancid’ (comp. Gr. ταῦρος, equiv. to Goth. stiur).

Stirn, f., ‘forehead, brow,’ from the equiv. MidHG. stirne, OHG. stirna (for *sternja), f.; a specifically HG. word (yet also in AS. steornêde, ‘frontosus’?), for which Du. voorhoofd, AS. foranheáfod, E. forehead (OIc. enne, Goth. *anþi, OHG. ęndi, equiv. to Lat. antiae), occur. In Bav., Hirn is generally used instead of Stirn. The form *sternjô- has been connected with Gr. στέρνον, ‘breast,’ while ‘broad’ is assumed to be the intermediate idea, which is deduced from the root ster, in Lat. sternere and Gr. στρώννυμι, ‘to spread out’; comp. OSlov. strana, ‘district.’

stöbern, vb., ‘to fly about, drift, drizzle,’ ModHG. only, allied to earlier ModHG. Stöber, m., MidHG. stöuber, ‘hound,’ which is derived from MidHG. stöuben, ‘to scare up, start up, chase away’; the latter is a factitive of stieben. To this is allied ModHG. Gestöber, n., ‘drifting,’ formed from MidHG. stöuben, ‘to raise dust.’

stochen, vb., only, equiv. to E. to stoke; a derivative of the Aryan root stug, ‘to push, thrust,’ discussed under Stock.

Stock, m., ‘stick, staff,’ from MidHG. stoc (ck), OHG. stoc (ch), m., ‘stick, staff, trunk’ (of a tree, &c.); corresponding to Du. stok, AS. stocc, E. stock, OIc. stokkr.