Page:An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language.djvu/384

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Teufel, m., ‘devil, demon,’ from the equiv. MidHG. tiuvel (tievel), m., OHG. tiuval, tioval, m. (in the plur., neut. also); corresponding to OSax. diuƀal, Du. duivel, AS. deófol, equiv. to E. devil. The West Teut. words have apparently genuine Teut. sounds; on account, however, of the equiv. Goth. diabaúlus, Gr.-Lat. diabolus, it is certain that the word was borrowed. The early existence of the West Teut. word, attested by the permutation of LG. d to HG. t, can only be explained by the assumption that it was introduced into HG. in the 5th or 6th cent. through a Goth. medium (as also taufen, Pfaffe, Kirche, Heide, Samstag, and probably Engel), for the connection of the cognates with Gr.-Lat. (Ecclesiast.) diabolus cannot be doubted. The genuine HG. term for ‘evil spirit’ was Goth unhulþô, OHG. unholda, lit. ‘the demons.’

Text, m., ‘text,’ even in late MidHG. tëxt, formed from Lat. textus.

Thal, n., ‘valley,’ from the equiv. MidHG. and OHG. tal, m. and n.; corresponding to Goth., OSax., and Du. dal, AS. dœl, E. dale (to which E. dell is allied), OIc. dalr, ‘valley.’ From the same Aryan root dhō̆, ‘to lie low,’ is derived AS. dęne, dęnu, ‘valley.’ In the non-Teut. group, Gr. θόλος, ‘dome-shaped roof, rotunda’ (lit. ‘deepening, excavation’?) is regarded as cognate; OSlov. dolŭ, ‘valley,’ is certainly allied. —

zu Thal (of rivers, ‘down-stream’) from the equiv. MidHG. ze tal, ‘down’ (comp. Goth. dalaþ, ‘downwards’); in opposition to zu Berg (see Berg) ‘upwards.’

Thaler, m., ‘dollar’ (three shillings), first recorded in the 15th cent.; an abbreviation of Joachimsthaler for ‘florin from Joachimsthal’ (in Bohemia). From the Ger. word are derived Ital. tallero, Du. daalder, E. dollar.

That, f., ‘deed, act, fact,’ from the equiv. MidHG. and OHG. tât, f.; a verbal noun formed by gradation from thun. Corresponding to Goth. dêþs, OIc. dáð, AS. dœ̂d, E. deed, Du. daad, OSax. dâd. Teut. dé-di-, from dhê-tí, formed from the Teut. root dê, dô, from Aryan dhê, dhô. The graded form ê (â) is seen also in the OHG. partic. gitân, MidHG. and ModHG. getân. —

thätig, adj., ‘active, energetic,’ from MidHG. tœtec, OHG. tâtîc.

Thau, see Tau (2).

thauen, see tauen.

Thee, m., ‘tea,’ ModHG. only, derived,

like Fr. thé, Du. thee, and E. tea, from Chin. the.

Theer, see Teer.

Theiding, n., in Narrentheiding, ‘empty talk,’ from MidHG. teidinc, tagedinc, ‘discussion, negotiation, talk’ (properly ‘the judicial proceeding’ appointed for a certain day or period). Comp. Ding and verteidigen.

Theil, see Teil.

Theriak, m., ‘antidote; treacle’; in MidHG. drîakel, trîakel, trîaker (Du. teriaak, triakel), from Gr.-MidLat. θηριακόν, ‘remedy for the bite of wild animals.’

theuer, see teuer.

Thier, see Tier.

Thon, m., ‘clay,’ earlier ModHG. Than, Tahen, from MidHG. tâhe, dâhe, OHG. dâha, f., ‘clay, loam’ (also ‘earthen vessel’); corresponding to Goth. þâhô (from *þânhô), f., ‘clay,’ AS. þô (older þôhœ), f., ‘clay,’ OIc. þá, f., ‘clayey soil.’ No words occur in the other Aryan languages to elucidate the implied pre-Teut. tankân, ‘loam.’

Thor (1.), m., ‘fool,’ from MidHG. tôre, tôr, m., ‘insane person, fool’; *tôro, m., has not yet been found in OHG. The r of the adj. has originated in s (z), as is shown by OHG. tusîg, AS. dysig, ‘foolish,’ E. dizzy, and Du. duizelig, ‘dizzy.’ For further Teut. cognates of the Aryan root dhus (dhaus, dhwē̆s) see under Dusel; it is uncertain whether Lat. furere, ‘to rage,’ is derived from this root dhus. —

thöricht, adj., ‘foolish, silly,’ from the equiv. MidHG. tôrëht, tœreht (also tœrisch, tœrsch). —

Thorheit, f., ‘foolishness,’ from MidHG. tôrheit.

Thor (2.), n., ‘gate, gateway,’ from the equiv. MidHG. and OHG. tor, n.; corresponding to Goth. daúr, OSax. dor, n., ‘gate, door.’ See Thür.

Thran, m., ‘train-oil, blubber,’ ModHG. only, a LG. word, corresponding to Du. traan, Dan. and Swed. tran. The origin and prim. meaning of the word are unknown.

Thräne, f., ‘tear’ (in Swab. and Bav. Zähre is the popular term), from the equiv. late MidHG. trêne, f.; properly the plur. of the MidHG. sing. trahen (contracted trân), m.; corresponding to OHG. trahan (trân), m. (OSax. trahni, plur.), ‘tears’; Teut. base, trahnu-. The equiv. MidHG. traher recalls MidHG. zaher (see Zähre), so that Teut. tahru must have had the parallel