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forms trahru and trahnu. More definite information concerning the early history of MidHG. trahen, traher, cannot be ascertained.

Thron, m., ‘throne,’ from the equiv. MidHG. trôn, m., which originated in Fr. trône, or, with the lengthening of the vowel in an open syllable, in Lat. (Gr.) thronus (comp. Ital. trono).

thun, vb., ‘to do, perform, make,’ from the equiv. MidHG. and OHG. tuon; corresponding to OSax. dûan, Du. doen, AS. dôn, E. to do. Further details concerning this essentially West Teut. str. verbal root dô, dê (in Goth. taujan, ‘to do’), belongs to grammar; yet see also That and the suffix -tum. The pre-Teut. dhô, dhê, has a wide ramification in the other Aryan languages. Comp. the Gr. root θη, θε, in τίθημι ‘to put, do,’ Sans. root dhâ (dadhâmi and dhãmi), ‘to put, lay, do’ (dhâtṛ, ‘creator’), OSlov. děją (and deždą), ‘to do, make,’ Lat. facio (perf. fêci, equiv. to Gr. ἔθηκα).

Thunfisch, m., ‘tunny,’ ModHG. only, from the equiv. Lat. thunnus (Gr. θύννος), whence Ital. tonno, Fr. thon (E. tunny).

Thür, f., ‘door,’ from the equiv. MidHG. tür, OHG. turi, f.; properly a plur. form, the idea being often expressed by such a form; in OHG. we find turi as plur. with a sing. meaning (the stem was really dur-). Corresponding to OSax. duri (dura), Du. deur, AS. duru (dyre); OIc. dyrr is plur. only. The common Aryan stem dhur (dhwer) recurs in Gr. θύρα, θύρετρον, ‘door,’ to which θαιρός, ‘hinge of a door,’ and θυρών, ‘vestibule’ (comp. Goth. daurôns, plur. only, ‘door’), are allied; Lat. fores, ‘door,’ OSlov. dvĭrĭ, ‘door’ (dvorŭ, ‘court’), Lith. dùrys, ‘door.’ To these are allied the equiv. Sans. dur, dvâr, which in the oldest period was inflected only in the dual or plur. (the initial aspirate is dropped, because the case suffix begins with an aspirate). The primary meaning of this word, which has invariably the ModHG. signification, cannot be discovered. Allied to Thor.

Thurm, see Turm.

tief, adj., ‘deep, profound, low,’ from the equiv. MidHG. tief, OHG. tiof; corresponding to OSax. diop, Du. diep, AS. deóp, E. deep (depth and to dip), OIc. djópr, and Goth. diups, ‘deep.’ The common Teut. adj. diupa-, of which ModHG. taufen is a factitive, belongs to a Teut. root dū̆p, the variant of which, dū̆b, appears in AS. dŷfan,

E. to dive (see Taube), as well as in E. dub. Comp. W. dwfn, OIr. fudomain, Lith. dubùs, ‘deep, hollow,’ OSlov. duplĭ, ‘hollow’ (see Tobel), from an Aryan root dhub, dhup. For a nasalised Teut. root dump, see Tümpel.

Tiegel, m., ‘stewpan, crucible,’ from MidHG. tigel, tëgel, OHG. tëgal, ‘crucible’; corresponding to the equiv. OIc. digull (Swed. degel, Dan. digel). The cognates cannot have been derived from Lat. tegula (yet comp. Ziegel). The word is probably based on the Teut. root dī̆g, ‘to knead, form,’ discussed under Teig.

Tier, n., ‘animal, beast, brute,’ from MidHG. tier, OHG. tior, n., ‘animal,’ especially ‘wild beast’ (hence ModHG. Tiergarten); corresponding to OSax. dior, ‘wild east,’ Du. dier, ‘animal,’ AS. deór, E. deer (in MidHG. also, as well as in the language of sportsmen in ModHG., tier is often used in the sense of ‘roe’ and ‘hind’), OIc. dýr, n., ‘animal,’ especially ‘wild beast,’ and also ‘roe, stag.’ Goth. dius, ‘wild beast,’ shows that the r of the words quoted are based upon Aryan s (base dheuso-?); to this the AS. adj. deór, ‘bold,’ and OHG. tiorlîh, ‘wild,’ are traced; hence Goth. dius, ‘animal,’ is probably an adj. used as a subst. (lit. ‘the wild creature’). Tier, therefore, was originally quite distinct from Vieh, ‘useful gregarious animal.’ Lat. animal with anima suggests the supposition that the cognates belong to an Aryan root dhus, ‘to breathe’ (comp. OSlov. duša, duchŭ, ‘spirit, soul’).

tilgen, vb., ‘to extinguish, erase, eradicate,’ from MidHG. tîlgen (tîligen), OHG. tîligon, and also tîlôn, wk. vb., ‘to exterminate, extirpate.’ Comp. OSax. far-dîligôn, Du. delgen, AS. â-dîlgian, ‘to extirpate.’ It is remarkable that the word was borrowed from Lat. dêlêre, considering its wide diffusion in the West Teut. languages (we should also have expected *tialên in OHG.).

Tinte, f., ‘ink, tint,’ from the equiv. MidHG. tinte, tinkte (for nct and nt comp. bunt and Spunt), OHG. tincta, f.; the word is evidently borrowed; it is based on the equiv. Lat. tincta (lit. ‘coloured, variegated things’), whence Ital. and Span. tinta, ‘ink.’ It is clear, therefore, that the spelling Tinte is historically more correct than Dinte; the latter is due to MidG. and LG. In OHG. atraminza (from Lat. atramentum, comp. OFr. errement) was used. The equiv.