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water our horses in the Tennessee river." His plan was to mass his force against the National left. turn it, and crowd it into the angle of Snake creek and the Tennessee river, where it must surrender, and as long as he lived the battle was fought ex- actly as he planned. The struggle began before dawn on Sunday, 6 April. The Confederates at- tacked in three lines of battle under Gens. Hardee, Bragg, Polk, and Breckinridge. The National army was surprised, and Prentiss s division was broken and driven back. It rallied on its supports, and a tremendous conflict ensued. The struggle lasted all day, and at half-past two o'clock, in leading the final charge, which crushed the left wing of the National army. Gen. Johnston received a mortal wound. His death was concealed, and his body borne from the field. (For the subseqtient con- duct of this battle, see articles Beauregard and Grant.) Gen. Johnston's body was first carried to New Orleans, and was finally buried at Austin, Tex. See his life, by his son (New York, 1878).— His son, William Preston, educator, b. in Louisville, Ky., 5 Jan., 1831, was graduated at Yale in 1852. He became a colonel in the Confederate army at the beginning of the civil war, and served on the staff of Jefferson Davis. After the war he was a pro- fessor in Washington and Lee university till No- vember, 1880, when he became president of the Louisiana state university. On the foundation of Tulane university in New Orleans in 1884, he be- came its first president. Besides fugitive pieces and addresses, he has published a " Life of Gen. Albert Sidney Johnston" (New York, 1878).— Albert Sidney's half-brother, Josiah Stoddard, b. in Salisbury, Conn., 24 Nov., 1784; d. on Red river, La., 19 May, 1833. He was taken by his father to Washington, Mason co., Ky., in 1788, and when he was twelve years old was sent to New Haven, Conn., to school. He was graduated at Transylvania university in 1805, studied law in the office of George Nicholas, and he emigrated to the territory of Louis- iana, then late- ly acquired from the French, set- tling at Alexan- dria, Rapides par- ish, a frontier vil-

lage. He won rapid

success at the bar, was elected to the territorial legislature, and remained a member until Louisiana became a state in 1852. He held the post of dis- trict judge from 1812 till 1821, and also raised a regiment of volunteers late in the war with Great Britain, but it saw no active service. In 1820 he was elected to congress as a Clay Democrat, and in 1823 to the U. S. senate, to fill a vacancy. He was re-elected in 1825, and in 1831 was again chosen by a legislature that was politically opposed to him. He was killed by the explosion of the steamboat "Lion" on Red river. In the senate he was chair- man of the committee on commerce, and a member of the committee on finance. He gave an independ- ent support to the administration of John Quincy Adams, and was on terms of intimacy with Gen. Winfield Scott, but his closest personal and political association was with Henry Clay, for whom he acted as second in the duel with John Randolph. He opposed nullification, and favored a closely guarded protective tariff. His study of constitutional and international law was close, and he strenuous!} advocated a mitigation of the laws of maritime war, and that the neutral flag should protect the goods on board, without regard to ownership, and that contraband of war should be limited to the fewest articles possible. He was the author of an able report on the British colonial trade question, and of several pamphlets, including one on the effect of the repeal of the duty on sugar.— Albert Sidney's nephew, Josiah Stoddard, journalist, son of John Harris Johnston, b. in Rapides parish, La., 10 Feb., 1833, became an orphan early, and was brought up in Kentucky. He was graduated at Yale in 1853, and was a planter in Louisiana before the civil war. During the war he served on the staffs of Gen. Braxton Bragg and Gen. Simon B. Buckner, and as chief of staff to Gen. John C. Breckinridge, and shared in over twenty battles. He was with the party that escorted Jefferson Davis in his flight from Richmond, Va., to Char- lotte, N. C. After the war he was editor of the " Kentucky Yeoman," at Frankfort. Ky., for nearly twenty years. During the most of this time he has also been secretary or chairman of the Demo- cratic state central committee, and has been noted for the moderation and tact of his party rulings. He was adjutant-general of Kentucky in 1870-'l, and held the office of secretary of state for the commonwealth for nearly ten years. In 1870 he be- came president of the Kentucky press association.

JOHNSTON, Alexander, author, b. in Brook- lyn, N. Y., 29 April, 1849 ; d. in Princeton, N. J., 20 July, 1889. He was graduated at Rutgers in 1870, studied law, was admitted to the bar in 1876, and taught in Rutgers college grammar- school till 1879, when he became principal of the Norwalk Latin-school. For six years he was pro- fessor of jurisprudence and political economy in Princeton. Rutgers gave him the degree of LL. D. in 1886. He published " History of American Politics" (New York, 1879); "The Genesis of a New England State," Connecticut (Johns Hopkins University Series, 1884); "Representative Ameri- can Orations, with an Outline of American Politi- cal History" (1885); "History of the United States for Schools " (1886) ; " History of Connecticut" ("American Commonwealth " Series, Boston, 1887) ; and articles on the United States in a supplement to the " Encyclopaedia Britannica."

JOHNSTON, Amos Randall, jurist, b. in Maury county, Tenn., 28 Sept., 1810 : d. in Cin- cinnati, Ohio, 25 June, 1879. He began life in the town of Henry, Tenn., as a printer, afterward es- tablished a newspaper with Gen. Felix R. Zollicof- fer, and at an early age became known as a politi- cal writer. Removing to Mississippi in 1830, he settled in Clinton, represented Hinds county in the legislature as a Whig in 1836, and was county-clerk from 1837 till his election as probate judge in 1845. In 1851 he was Union delegate to the State consti- tutional convention, to determine the course of Mississippi regarding the compromise measures of 1850. He opposed secession, and canvassed the state in favor of the preservation of the Union in 1859-'60, and declined the nomination of his party to congress and to the governorship. He took no active part in the civil war, but was engaged in the practice of his profession. In 1865 he was a member of the convention that repealed the ordi- nance of secession, and in 1875 served in the state senate as a conservative Democrat.

JOHNSTON, Christopher, physician, b. in Baltimore, Md., 27 Sept., 1822. He studied at St.