“The Durability of Building-Stones in New York City and Vicinity” (contributed to the U. S. census reports, 1880); “The Genesis of the Crystalline Iron-Ores” (1882); “Notice on the Microscopical Examination of a Series of Ocean, Lake, River, and Desert Sands” (1884); and “On the Variation of Decomposition in the Iron Pyrites, its Cause, and its Relation to Density” (1886).
JULIO, E. B. D. Fabrino, artist, b. in the
island of St. Helena in 1843; d. in Georgia, 15
Sept., 1879. He was the son of an Italian father
and a Scotch mother. After a careful education in
Paris, he removed to the United States at the be-
ginning of the civil war, lived in the north several
years, and, removing to New Orleans, established
himself there as a portrait-painter. Revisiting
Paris about 1872, he entered the studio of Leon
Bonnat, and, returning to New Orleans two years
later, established a school of art in that city. His
best-known painting, "The Last Meeting of Lee
and Jackson," is a composition of merit. His
" Diana," the " Harvest Scene," exhibited at the
Centennial in 1876, a sketch of " Kernochan's Plan-
tation," and several Louisiana landscapes, although
defective in color, show him to have been a rapid
and skilful draughtsman, and an original artist.
JUMEL, Eliza Bowen, heiress, b. at sea
between France and the West Indies in 1769; d. in
New York, 16 July, 1865. Her mother, whose name
was Capet, died at her birth, and the daughter was
adopted by a Mrs. Thompson, of Newport, R. I.
At seventeen years of age Eliza eloped with and
married Col. Peter Croix, a British officer, and,
removing to New York city, became, through her
great beauty and talents, the friend and favorite
of many distinguished men of the age. Her
unbounded love of admiration caused her to commit
many imprudences, from which her reputation
suffered. After the death of Col. Croix, she
married, about 1801, Stephen Jumel, a French
wine-merchant of great wealth. She then removed to
Paris, and became a leader of fashion under the
patronage of the Marquis de Lafayette. In a few
years she spent a large portion of Jumel's fortune
by her extravagance, but, returning to the United
States, devoted herself to its restoration with such
success that she soon regained all she had dissipated.
After Jumel's death she sought legal
advice from Aaron Burr, with whom she had been
acquainted in her youth. He was at that time
seventy-eight years of age, but the pair were
married in 1830. On Burr's losing, in Texas speculations,
a large sum of money that she had put in his
hands a few days after the wedding, she filed a
complaint against him, and a separation ensued,
although a divorce was not granted. The remainder
of her life was spent in retirement in New York
city. The Jumel estate on the Harlem river, near
Manhattanville, has recently been divided and sold
as city lots, but the mansion erected by Col. Roger
Morris in 1758, represented in the accompanying
illustration, still remains in the possession of her
heirs one of the most interesting of the old landmarks
of Manhattan island. Washington used it
as his headquarters, and there Madame Jumel,
who purchased it in 1810, entertained Joseph
Bonaparte, Moreau, and many other distinguished men.
There, too, on a rocky eminence overlooking the
river, Fitz-Greene Halleck wrote his famous lines
on the Greek patriot “Marco Bozzaris.”
JUMONVILLE, N. Conlon de, French soldier, b. in Picardy, France, about 1725 ; d. near the site of Pittsburg, Pa., 27 May, 1754. He was educated as a soldier, and, coming to this country to join his brother, Coulon de Villiers, who held the rank of captain in the French army, he was sent in the spring of 1754 in charge of a small force to summon Washington to surrender the fort that he had built at Great Meadows, on the bank of the
Ohio. The latter, being warned of his approach,
joined forces with his Indian allies, and came upon
the French suddenly at night. An action lasting
a quarter of an hour ensued. On the side of the
English one man was killed and three wounded,
while ten of the French were killed, including De
Jumonville, and twenty-one made prisoners. The
dead were scalped by the Indians, and a scalp and
a hatchet sent to each of the tribes of the Miamis,
with an invitation to join the Six Nations as allies
of the English. The killing of Jumonville, who
bore a summons to surrender, was considered in
France and Canada as a violation of the law of
nations. Jumonville's death was avenged early
in the following July by his brother, Coulon de
Villiers, who, at the head of 600 French and 100
Indians, appeared before the rude stockade that
had been built at Great Meadows by Washing-
ton, and named Fort Necessitv. After an engage-
ment in which three of the French and thirty of
the Virginians were killed, the American officer
accepted terms of capitulation, by which he agreed
to retire from the basin of the Ohio.
JUNCKER, Henry Dainian, R. C. bishop, b. in Fenetrange, Lorraine, France, about 1810 : d. in Alton, 111., 2 Oct., 1868. He came to the United States at an early age, studied for the priesthood, and was ordained by Bishop Purcell, 16 March, 1834. He was then appointed pastor of the Church of the Holy Trinity, the first German church in Cincinnati. At the end of two years he was transferred to Canton, Ohio, and in 1846 appointed pastor of the Church of Emanuel at Dayton. He also ministered to several English congregations and over a dozen German settlements. In 1857 he was appointed bishop of the newly created see of Alton, and consecrated by Archbishop Purcell on 26 April. His diocese embraced the greater part of Illinois, and it contained only eighteen priests. He went to Europe early in 1858, returning in July with four ecclesiastical students, whom he ordained, and within a little over a year he had increased the number of priests to forty-two. During the same period he built eight new churches. In 1859 he completed his cathedral of St. Peter and St. Paul, which is among the finest churches in the United States. His visitations of his diocese were long and severe journeys, during which he founded congregations to which he afterward sent clergymen, and performed every duty of a simple priest. He gave especial attention to education, founded two colleges for boys and six academies for girls, erected an ecclesiastical seminary near his cathedral, and built two hospitals, as well as an orphan asylum. In 1868 the number of priests had
