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increased to 100, besides 25 clerical students, the churches to 125, and the parochial schools to 56. He also introduced into his diocese various relig- ious fraternities. Bishop Juncker was a fluent speaker in the French, German, and English lan- guages, and an able controversialist. His per- sonal friendships went beyond persons of his own religious denomination. To those with whom he was familiar he declared himself an agent in be- half of law and order, deeming the ministration of the Roman Catholic church the most powerful agency to control the evil tendency of the masses.

JUNEAU, Laurent Solomon, pioneer, b. in L'Assumption parish, near Montreal, Canada, 9 Aug., 1793 ; d. in Shawano, Wis., 14 Nov., 1856. He was of Alsatian descent. In 1816 he went to Mackinaw and became clerk to Jaques Vieau, a fur-trader. In 1821 he was the first white settler in Milwaukee, Wis., and erected a house and store of tama- rac- poles, near the present intersection of Wisconsin and East Water streets. He continued to trade in furs, and was one of the most trusted friends of John Jacob Astor, Ramsay Crooks, and other members of the American fur company, of which he was for years the agent. During his residence of fifteen years among the In- dians he acquired much influence over them. When he died they cared for

his remains and

buried them. He was the first postmaster of Mil- waukee, its first mayor, and, with Morgan L. Mar- tin, the builder of the first court-house that was erected in Wisconsin, which he presented to Mil- waukee. He was unable to retain possession of his property, and died in poverty and debt. His re- mains have been recently removed to Milwaukee, and in 1887 a heroic statue, presented to the city of Milwaukee, was erected in Juneau park through the munificence of the firm of Bradley and Met- calf, of that city. See accompanying illustration.

JUNGER, Ægidius, R. C. bishop, b. in Burtscheid, near Aix-la-Chapelle, Rhenish Prussia, 6 April, 1883. He studied theology, was ordained to the Roman Catholic priesthood on 26 July, 1862, and in October of that year came to this country as a missionary, and was stationed at Walla Walla, Washington territory. In 1864 he was attached to the cathedral at Vancouver, and on the resignation of Bishop Blanchet became second bishop of the diocese of Nesqually, being consecrated on 28 Oct., 1879. In 1884 his diocese contained 30 churches and 62 stations and Indian missions.

JUNGMANN, Bernhardt (yung'-man), German botanist, b. in Ronneburg in 1671; d. in Mexico in 1747. He studied in Leipsic, and was professor of botany and chemistry in the University of Göttingen in 1702, and that of Kiel in 1709. In 1712 he went to Leyden, and was sent by the Dutch government on a scientific mission to America. He visited successively Canada, New England, Mexico, Cuba, and Porto Rico in 1715-'24, and lived several years in Saint Eustache and Saint Lucia, returning in 1727 to Leyden. He went again to Mexico in 1744, but was persecuted and imprisoned for his faith. He died of yellow fever a few days before his intended departure for Europe. He published “Fasciculus plantarum rariarum et exoticarum” (Leyden, 1728); “Naturalis dispositio echinodermatum” (1731); “Historia piscium naturalis” (1732); “Historia adium” (1733); “Tantamen methodi astrocologicae, sive dispositio naturalis cochlidum et concharum” (2 vols., 1741); “Methodus plantarum genuina” (1743); “Enumeratio plantarum circa Mexico sponte provenientium” (Mexico, 1746); and “Thesaurus plantarum americanarum” (2 vols., 1747). He also contributed papers to the academies of sciences of Paris and Vienna, on Mexican antiquities, which were inserted in the “Recueil des mémoires de l'académie,” and reprinted in the “Blätter für literarische Unterhaltung” (Brunswick, 1837).

JUNGMANN, John George, missionary, b. in Hockenheim, Palatinate, 19 April, 1720; d. in Bethlehem, Pa., 17 July, 1808. In 1732 he came with his father to this country, and settled at Oley, Berks co., Pa. At that place he witnessed, in 1742, the baptism of the first three Moravian converts from the Indian nation, and was so deeply impressed that he resolved to devote himself to missionary work among the aborigines. He labored with zeal and distinguished success at Gnadenhuetten, Pa., at Pachgatgoch, Conn., at Wyalusing, Pa., at Friedenstadt, on Beaver river, Pa., and in the Tuscarawas valley, Ohio, first as a lay evangelist, and after 1770 as an ordained deacon of the Moravian church. In consequence of the complications that were produced along the western border by the Revolutionary war he retired in 1777 to Bethlehem for a few years, but in 1781 resumed his work in Ohio. It was of but short duration. Jungmann and all the other missionaries were taken prisoners by the Huron half-king and his band of British Indians, carried with the whole body of converts to Sandusky, and eventually brought to Detroit by order of the commandant of that post. The massacre of nearly one hundred Christian Indians in 1782 broke up the flourishing mission in Ohio, the converts scattering in every direction. When at last they returned to their teachers, Jungmann helped to found a new station on Clinton river, in Michigan, and then in 1785, after thirty-five years in the service of the Indian mission, retired to Bethlehem.

JUNIPERO, Miguel José Serra (hoo-ne-pay-ro), missionary, b. in the island of Majorca. 24 Nov., 1713; d. in Monterey, Cal., 28 Aug., 1784. When a boy he was employed as a chorister in the convent of San Bernardino, and at the age of sixteen was admitted a member of the order of St. Francis. In due time he received the degree of doctor of theology and became professor in one of the colleges of his brethren. He joined a band of missionaries that set out from Cadiz in 1749, and, after a narrow escape from shipwreck, reached the city of Mexico, 1 Jan., 1750. After a short rest, Father Junipero was sent to labor among the wandering tribes of the Sierra Gorda, and in this mission he spent nineteen years. In 1767 the Jesuits were expelled from Lower California by the Spanish government. The Franciscans were ordered to take charge of the vacant missions, and in 1769 Father Junipero was appointed superior of the band of priests that were sent to that province. As soon as he had organized the missions, he joined the expedition of Don Jose de Galvez with three Franciscans, and after some sailing, and a land