journey of forty-six days, chiefly on foot, he reached the site of San Diego, Cal., 16 July, 1769. Here he founded his first mission in Upper California, setting up a bower of reeds and green branches as a chapel, and erecting a wooden cross on the seashore. He attracted the Indians by presents, and gradually gathered them in villages around the mission church. He taught them to cultivate the land, to sow wheat, grind corn, and bake, introduced the olive, vine, and apple, and showed them how to weave, to yoke oxen, and prepare leather from hides, as well as instructing them in the rudiments of commerce. In the following winter provisions began to fail, several of the colonists died, Father Junipero fell sick, and an order was issued to abandon the settlement in March, 1770, in spite of the entreaties of the missionary. At length the “San Antonio” arrived laden with supplies, and Father Junipero sailed at once for Monterey, where he founded the mission of San Carlos on 3 June. He then went to the south with a train of soldiers and mules, and, coming to a pleasant valley, halted, and, hanging on a tree the bell that he had brought with him, began to ring it, crying: “Give ear, O ye Gentiles! Come to the faith of Jesus Christ!” There were no Indians in sight, but he continued ringing until a native appeared, in evident astonishment. Soon hundreds were attracted to the spot, and here he founded the mission of San Antonio on 14 July, 1771. On 8 Sept., 1771, he began the mission of San Gabriel, twelve miles from Los Angeles, among Indians of a superior race, and he founded the mission of San Luis Obispo on 1 Sept., 1772. The date that is assigned for the foundation of the city of San Francisco is 27 June, 1776. In October of the same year he began the mission of San Francisco (Dolores). San Juan Capistrano followed on 1 Nov., 1776, Santa Clara, 18 Jan., 1777, and San Buenaventura, 31 March, 1782. Settlements grew up around these missions, numbering thousands of Indians, who were industrious, well-clothed, and well-fed, with flocks and herds, gardens, orchards, vineyards, and fields of wheat. Father Junipero's zeal was untiring. When hostile Indians attacked his mission of San Diego, he began at once to rebuild the houses, working himself as laboriously as his Indians. He then went to Mexico in search of supplies, walking 240 miles, attended only by an Indian boy. He is said to have baptized over a thousand with his own hand. The death of his friend, Father Crespi, 1 Jan., 1782, was a blow from which he never recovered. In the next year he paid a farewell visit to the missions, travelling from one to another on foot, as was his custom. He returned to Monterey, 1 Jan., 1783, and from that time his health rapidly declined.
JUNKIN, George, clergyman, b. near Carlisle,
Pa., 1 Nov., 1790; d. in Philadelphia, Pa., 20 May,
1868. His father was an officer in the Revolution-
ary army. The son was graduated at Jefferson col-
lege, Pa., in 1813, studied theology in New York
city, and in 1819 became pastor of the Associate
Reformed church at Milton, Pa., where he was
active in establishing the Milton academy, and in
1828-'9 edited the •' Religious Farmer." In 1822,
with the body of his church, he entered the Pres-
byterian church. He was principal of the Manual
labor academy in Germantown, Pa., in 1830. and in
1832 founded and became president of Lafayette
college, Easton, Pa. In 1841-'4 he was president of
Miami university, Ohio, returning to Lafayette as
its president a second time in 1845. From 1848 till
1861 he was president of Washington college, Lexington, Va., but resigned at the beginning of the
civil war, after vigorous efforts to maintain the
Union, and at a great sacrifice of property returned
to Philadelphia, where he resided until his death.
He was moderator of the general assembly of the
Presbyterian church in 1844. Among his numer-
ous works are " The Vindication, a Reply to the
Defence of Albert Barnes" (Philadelphia, 1836);
" Treatise on Justification " (1839) ; " Lectures on
the Prophecies" (1844); "Political Fallacies"
(1862) ; " Treatise on Sanctification " (1864) ; '• Two
Commissions, the Apostolic and Evangelical "
(1864); and "The Tabernacle" (1865). A biog-
raphy of him was published by his brother. David
X. Junkin (Philadelphia, 1871). — His brother,
David X., clergyman, b. in Mercer, Pa., 8 Jan.,
1808 ; d. in Martinsburg, Pa., 22 April, 1880, was
graduated at Jefferson college, Pa., in 1831. After
teaching a short time, he was a student at Princeton
theological seminarv, and was licensed to preach,
17 Oct., 1833. From 1835 till 1849 he was pastor
of the Presbyterian church at Greenwich, N. J.,
and in 1837-'42 was also professor of literature in
Lafayette college, Pa. In 1851-'60 he was pastor
of a church in Washington, D. C, and of the Pres-
byterian church in Hollidaysburg, Pa., becoming
chaplain in the U. S. navy in May of the last-
named year. In 1869 he became pastor of a church
in Chicago, 111., and from 1876 till his death offici-
ated at New Castle, Pa. He published " The Oath
a Divine Ordinance and an Element of the Social
Constitution " (New York, 1845), and " Memoir of
Rev. George Junkin, D. D." (Philadelphia, 1871). —
George's son, George, lawyer, b. in Milton, Pa., 18
March, 1827, studied at Lafayette, and at Miami
university, where he was graduated in 1842. He
then studied law, and in 1848 was admitted to the
Philadelphia bar. at which he has attained high
rank as a practitioner before the civil courts. In
1882 he was an independent Republican candidate
for judge of the supreme court of Pennsylvania.
He is active in the affairs of the Presbyterian
church, has been a director of Princeton theologi-
cal seminary since 1869. and served on the com-
mittee that was appointed to prepare a hymnal
for his denomination.
JUSTINIANO, Bartolome (hoos-teen-yah'-no), Spanish explorer, d. in Asuncion, Paraguay, late in the 16th century. He went to Rio de la Plata as treasurer of the expedition of Juan de Salazar de Espinosa in 1552, but was shipwrecked near the coast of Brazil. There was now a division between the captains Juan de Salazar and Hernando
de Frejo, and the friends of the former remained with him in the place that afterward was known as San Vicente. There they passed two years, and at the end of this time Capt. Salazar sent Justiniano, as the most capable man among them, to ask assistance from Domingo de Irala, who sent Capt. Nuflo de Chavez to their rescue, in 1555. On
reaching Asuncion, Justiniano gave to Irala the stores and ammunition which he brought with him for the government of the country. In executing the orders of the king, they met with much opposition by the settlers, many of whom wrote letters to the court against Irala and treasurer Justiniano. Justiniano seems to have been exonerated, and
settled at Asuncion, acting with ability in the wars against the natives. After he served for several years, he resigned his post of treasurer.
