pamphlet “Notes on Fallacies of American Protectionists” was published in this country and in England. He also contributed articles on political subjects to the New York “Evening Post,” under the signature of “Americus.” Dr. Lieber was a member of the French institute, and of many learned and scientific bodies in Europe and America. A volume of his minor works has been issued entitled “The Miscellaneous Writings of Francis Lieber” (2 vols., Philadelphia, 1880). This also contains a discourse on his life, character, and writings, delivered before the Historical society of Pennsylvania by M. Russell Thayer, and previously printed (Philadelphia, 1873). See “Life and Letters of Francis Lieber,” edited by Thomas S. Perry (Boston, 1882). — His son, Oscar Montgomery, geologist, b. in Boston, Mass., 8 Sept., 1830; d. in Richmond, Va., 27 June, 1862, was educated at Berlin, Göttingen, and Freiburg. He was state geologist of Mississippi in 1850-'1, engaged in the geological survey of Alabama in 1854-'5, and from 1856 till 1860 held the office of mineralogical, geological, and agricultural surveyor of South Carolina. His first annual report of the last-mentioned survey was published in 1857, and the fourth and last in 1860. In 1860 he accompanied the American astronomical expedition to Labrador as geologist. At the beginning of the civil war he joined the Confederate army, and died of wounds that he received in the battle of Williamsburg. He was the author of “The Assayer's Guide” (Philadelphia, 1862); “The Analytical Chemist's Assistant,” translated from the German of Wöhler's “Beispiele zur Uebung in der analytischen Chemie,” with an introduction (1852), and various articles on mining in this country in the New York “Mining Magazine.” — Another son, Hamilton, b. in Philadelphia, Pa., 7 June, 1835; d. in Baden-Baden, Germany, 18 Oct., 1876, entered the volunteer army at the beginning of the civil war as 1st lieutenant, 9th Illinois regiment, and was badly wounded at Fort Donelson. Afterward he was appointed a captain in the veteran reserve corps, and served during the draft riots in New York city in 1863. In 1866 he was made a captain and military storekeeper in the regular army, and was retired on account of disabilities contracted in the line of duty. — Another son, Guido Norman, b. in Columbia, S. C., 21 May, 1837, was graduated at the University of South Carolina in 1856, and at Harvard law-school in 1859, and in that year was admitted to the bar of New York. At the beginning of the civil war he became 1st lieutenant in the 11th infantry, U. S. army, and was appointed regimental adjutant, and served during the peninsular campaign under McClellan, being brevetted captain for gallantry at the battle of Gaines's Mills, 27 June, 1862. He was with his regiment at the second battle of Bull Run, Va., 27 Aug., 1862, being then appointed aide-de-camp to the general-in-chief. In 1862 he was appointed major and judge-advocate, and he served in this capacity in the Department of the Gulf, being present in the Teche and Red River campaigns. For gallantry during the latter he received another brevet, and he was brevetted a third time for services during the war. He also served as adjutant-general of the department, and as judge of the provost court in New Orleans. He was then transferred to the judge-advocate-general's office in Washington, and subsequently appointed assistant to his father, Dr. Francis Lieber, in the bureau of Confederate archives. He afterward served as judge-advocate of various military departments and divisions, being, when stationed in New York, one of the founders of the Military service institution. He was professor of law at the U. S. military academy from 1878 till 1882, when he was assigned to duty in Washington in the bureau of military justice. In 1884 he was appointed assistant judge-advocate-general, with the rank of colonel, and he has since then been on duty as acting judge-advocate-general of the army.
LIGHT, Alexander Luder, Canadian engineer, b. in Durham, England, 17 April, 1822. He
came to Canada in 1834, attended the Kingston
grammar-school, and in 1842 became assistant en-
gineer on the board of works of Canada. In 1846
he entered the employ of the Great Western rail-
way, in 1851 was appointed chief engineer of the
St. Andrews and Quebec (now New Brunswick and
Canada) railway. Subsequently he was chief en-
gineer of government railways in Nova Scotia and
New Brunswick, and built the European and North
American railway. He went to England in 1863,
was elected a member of the institute of civil en-
gineers there, and soon afterward appointed engi-
neer of the Santos and Silo Paulo railway in Bra-
zil. He was in charge of the construction of a
section of the Intercolonial railway in 1869, in
1874 became government engineer for the province
of Quebec, and in 1884 was chosen by the Do-
minion government as engineer in charge of sur-
veys of one division of the proposed short-line
railway from Montreal to St. John and Halifax.
LIGHT, George Washington, journalist, b. in
Portland, Me., 21 Jan., 1809; d. in Somerville,
Mass., 27 Jan., 1868. He was educated in the
schools of his native place, and became a printer
and publisher, also editing in Boston the "Young
Mechanic," "The Essayist" (1829-30). and the
" Young Men's Magazine" (1847). Mr. Light was
the author of a "Life of Timothy Claxton" (Bos-
ton, 1839). and of " Keep Cool, Go Ahead, and a
Few Other Poems" (1851).
LIGHTBURN. Joseph Andrew Jackson, sol-
dier, b. in Westmoreland county, Pa., 21 Sept..
1*24. He received a common-school education,
removed to western Virginia, and represented Lewis
county in the convention that reorganized the state
government in 1861. He organized the 4th Vir-
ginia regiment of the National army, was made its
colonel. 14 Aug.. 1861. and in 1862 commanded the
District of the Kanawha. He conducted the retreat
from Kanawha valley in September of that year,
and was promoted to brigadier-general of volun-
teers, 16 March, 1863. He then took part in the
siege and capture of Yieksburg. and the battle of
Missionary Kidge. and was with Sherman in his
campaign to Atlanta, where in August, 1864, he
received a gun-shot wound in the head. After his
recovery he led a brigade in Shenandoah valley,
and was then president of an examining board
22 June, 1865, when he resigned his commission.
In 186(i-'7 he was a member of the West Yirginia
legislature.
LIGON, Richard, English traveller. He was a royalist, lost his fortune in the troubles of 1647, and went in that year to Barbadoes, where he bought a house and land. He was subsequently attacked by a fever, and after narrowlv escaping death returned to England in 1650. Before his
departure from England he had been intimate with Abraham Duppa, bishop of Salisbury, and on his return the prelate was so much impressed with Ligon's account of Barbadoes that he advised him to publish a narrative of his adventures. The author was soon afterward cast into prison by his creditors, and whether he died there or was re-
leased by his friends is uncertain. His work, a folio, with maps and illustrations, is entitled "A
