his name. This boy became afterward a man of influence in his tribe, and was murdered on 10 June, 1889, by Indians west of the Mississippi. Dr. Boudinot was also interested in the instruction of deaf-mutes, the education of young men for the ministry, and efforts for the relief of the poor. He bequeathed his property to his only daughter, Mrs. Bradford, and to charitable uses. Among his bequests were one of $200 to buy spectacles for the aged poor, another of 13,000 acres of land to the mayor and corporation of Philadelphia, that the poor might be supplied with wood at low prices, and another of 3,000 acres to the Philadelphia hospital for the benefit of foreigners. Dr. Boudinot published "The Age of Revelation," a reply to Paine (1790); an oration before the Society of the Cincinnati (1793); "Second Advent of the Messiah" (Trenton, 1815); and "Star in the West, or An Attempt to Discover the Long-lost Tribes of Israel" (1816), in which he concurs with James Adair in the opinion that the Indians are the lost tribes. He also wrote, in "The Evangelical Intelligencer" of 1806, an anonymous memoir of the Rev. William Tennont, D, D.
BOUGAlNVILLE, Louis Autoine de, navigator, b. in Paris, 11 Nov., 1739; d. 31 April, 1814.
He studied law and was admitted a counsellor of
the parliament of Paris. He was proficient in
mathematics, and in 1753 published a work on the
integral calculus. In 1754 he became an aide-de-camp to Gen. Chevert, and later was secretary of the French embassy in London, and while
there made a fellow of the royal society. Subsequently he served as aide-de-camp to the Marquis
de Montcalm, in Canada, whence he was sent for
re-enforcements to France, in 1758, and there made
a colonel and a knight of St. Louis. He returned to Canada in 1759, and distinguished himself at the capture of Quebec. In 1761 he was
appointed aide-de-camp of Choiseul Stainville in
Germany, and in 1761 displayed such courage in
the campaign on the Rhine that he received from
the king two guns he had taken from the enemy.
After peace had been declared, he engaged in the
naval service, and founded a colony on one of the
Falkland islands, he being a large proprietor jointly with merchants of St. Malo. In 1766 this colony was purchased by Spain for 500,000 crowns,
and Bougainville was sent, Nov. 15, to make the
final transfer, and with instructions to circumnavigate the globe. He had two ships—the "Boudeuse," 26 guns and 214 men, and the "Etoile," a
store-ship — and was accompanied by Prince Sieghen, of Nassau, and the naturalist Commercon, and after a cruise of over two years, during which
he made some important discoveries, returned to St. Malo in March, 1769. He published "Voyage autour du monde" (2 vols., Paris, 1771), which
was at once translated into English and subsequently into German. In 1778, when France took part in the American war, Bougainville commanded ships of the line, and gained distinction in the engagements between the British and the French fleets. In 1779 he became a commodore, and in
1780 a field-marshal in the army. When Admiral Rodney defeated De Grasse, 12 April, 1782, Bougainville commanded the "Auguste," and, though she suffered severely, he succeeded in maintaining
her position in line, and by judicious manoeuvring
rescued eight sail of his own division, which he
conducted safely to St. Eustatius. He attempted,
without avail, to allay the disturbance in Brest in
1790, and soon afterward retired from professional
employment. In 1796 he was elected a member of the geographical section of the institute, and afterward of the bureau des longitudes. On the creation of the senate he was made a member of that body, and subsequently he was created a count of the empire by Napoleon. Bougainville was the
author of "Traite du calcul integral" (1752); "Essai historique sur les navigations anciennes et modernes"; and "Notice historique sur les sauvages de l'Amer. du Nord."
BOUGHTON, George Henry, artist, b. in Norfolk, England, in 1836. His family came to this country about 1839, and he passed his youth in Albany, N. Y. Here he entered business, but spent his spare moments in making pen-and-ink sketches. From this time he continued to paint. In 1853 he sold several of his pictures, and, with the money thus obtained, went to London for study. After a few months he returned to Albany, and subsequently moved to New York, where he remained two years, and soon made himself known as a landscape painter. In 1858 he exhibited his first picture at the national academy, " Winter Twilight." Another picture produced during this period was "The Lake of the Dismal Swamp." His paintings at this time indicate a transition from landscape to genre, and to fit himself for the latter he studied two years in Paris. In 1861 he removed to London, where he as since passed the greater part of his time, contributing annually to the exhibitions of the royal academy, of which he is an associate. He has also exhibited frequently at the national academy in New York, and was made an academician in 1871. His works are popular and meet with a ready sale. They are marked by simplicity, tenderness, and subdued, but not weak, coloring. He excels in delineating Puritan life in New England. Among his pictures on American subjects are "The Scarlet Letter," "Return of the Mayflower," "Puritans Going to Church," and " Rose Standish." He has also been successful in painting pictures of French peasant-life, as "Passing into the Shade" (1863); "A Breton Haymaker" (Royal academy, 1864); "Wayside Devotion" (1867); "Breton Pastoral" (1869); "Coming from Church," "Cold Without," and "Morning Prayer." To the American fine-art department at the Philadelphia exhibition of 1876 he sent, among other paintings, " Normandy Girl in a Shower," "By the Sea," and "Going to Seek his Fortune"; and to the British department at Paris, in 1878, "Snow in Spring" and "A Surrey Pastoral." Among his other works are the "Canterbury Pilgrims" (1874); "A Ruffling Breeze" (1877); the "Waning of the Honeymoon " (1878); and "The Idyl of the Birds," a composition in three parts. "The Testy Governor" (1877) is in the Corcoran gallery at Washington, D. C. Mr. Boughton has been especially successful in painting female figures.
BOUILLE, Francois Claude Amour, Marquis de, French soldier, b. in Auvergne, 19 Nov., 1739; d. in London, 14 Nov., 1800. He entered the army at an early age, and distinguished himself in the seven-years' war. He was governor of Guadaloupe in 1768-71, and in 1777-83 governor of Martinique, and during the American war, while defending the French Antilles against the British, he also succeeded in conquering Dominica, St. Eustatius, Tobago, St. Christopher, Nevis, Montserrat, Saint Mai'tin, and Suba. He returned to Paris, and was made a lieutenant-general and subsequently chief of the province of Trois-Eveches. He supported the proposed reforms of Calonne in the assembly of notables, of which he was made a member by Louis XVI., and displayed courage and talent in suppressing the revolt of the garrisons of Metz and
