Nancy. In 1790 he was made commander-in-chief of the army of the Meuse, the Saar, and the Moselle. He was a devoted royalist, and promoted the escape of Louis XVI. from Paris, which project would probably have succeeded but for the king's prohibition of bloodshed. On its failure, by the arrest of the king at Varennes, Bouille went to Russia to invoke assistance of the Empress Catherine, who promised him an army of 30,000 men with which to invade France, but her promise was never fulfilled. He enlisted under the banners of Conde, after serving for a time under Gustavus III. of Sweden, and went to England in 1796. There he wrote his "Memoirs of the Revolution " (London, 1797; German ed., 1798; French, 1801).
BOULBON, or RAOUSSET-BOULBON, Gaston Raoulx, Comte de, French adventurer, b. in
Avignon in 1817; d. near Guayamas, 12 Aug., 1854.
Having squandered his estates, he went in 1853 to
California, and there induced other adventiirers to
join him in an expedition to Sonora. The Mexicans, who opposed his designs upon the gold mines, were beaten back at the point of the bayonet.
Flushed with victory, he then rallied round him 500 men, and seizing Arispe, the capital of Sonora,
proclaimed a republic. He was defeated by the
Mexicans on 4 Jan., 1853; then returned to California, where he planned a new expedition in April, 1854, and, returning to Sonora, was defeated by
the Mexicans on 13 July, was captured, and on 12 Aug. was executed. An account of his life was published by Jules de la Madelene (Paris, 1855).
BOULIGNY, Dominique, senator, b. in Louis-
iana in 1773 ; d. in New Orleans, La., 5 March,
1833. He received a public-school education and
studied law. After admission to the bar he practised in New Orleans, and subsequently was elected U. S. senator, succeeding Henry Johnson, and
serving from 21 Dec, 1824, until 3 March, 1829. Mr. Bouligny was in command of a regiment during 1795.—His nephew, John Edward, congressman, b. in New Orleans, La., 17 Feb., 1824; d. in
Washington, D. C, 20 Feb., 1864. He received a public-school education, studied law, was admitted to the bar, and began practice in New Orleans,
where he afterward held several important offices. Subsequently he was elected to congress as a "national American," serving from 5 Dec, 1859, till 3 March, 1861. Mr. Bouligny was opposed to the
doctrine of secession, and was the only representative from a seceding state who did not leave his seat. During the civil war he remained in the north, dying in Washington before its close.
BOUQUET, Henry, British soldier, b. in Rolle,
Switzerland, in 1719 ; d. in Pensacola, Fla., in February, 1706. He first entered the Dutch service, afterward that of Sardinia, and in 1748 was again
in the service of Holland, as lieutenant-colonel of Swiss guards. He entered the English army with the same rank in 1756, became colonel of the 60th
foot 19 Feb., 1702, and brigadier-general in 1765. He co-operated with Gen. Forbes in the expedition Pogainst Fort Duquesne in 1758, and it was
by his advice that the army constructed a new road through Pennsylvania, instead of using the old one made by Braddock, and approved by Washington. On 12 Oct., Bouquet was attacked by a body of French and Indians at Loyal Hanna, but repelled them, and was present at the capture of
the fort on 24 Nov. In 1763 Bouquet, then in command at Philadelphia, was ordered to the relief of the same fort, then called Fort Pitt (now
Pittsburg). He set out with 500 men, mostly Highlanders, and found the frontier settlements in a state of terror, many of the inhabitants fieeing eastward to escape the fate of their neighbors, who had been murdered by savages. The expedition relieved Forts Ligonier and Bedford, and by noon of 5 Aug. had nearly reached Bushy Run, a small stream on which Bouquet intended to camp. Suddenly a furious attack was made by Indians on
the advance guard. Re-enforcements were sent forward, the cattle and baggage-trains parked, and a firm stand made against the assailants, who
appeared on all sides in increased numbers, and
the plunging of 400 frightened and wounded
horses, in the square, added to the confusion.
The contest continued until night and was renewed on the following morning. The troops were on a hill where no water could be obtained,
and Bouquet, seeing that a change of plan was necessary, feigned retreat to bring the enemy together in a compact body. The ruse was successful; the Indians, seeing that the advance guard fell back, left their ambush and rushed to the attack in a mass, when Bouquet's men easily surrounded them and, by volleys of musketry and a determined bayonet-charge, utterly routed them. Bouquet lost 8 officers and 115 men. The rest of his march was unmolested, and he reached Fort Pitt with supplies four days later. In October, 1764, he led an expedition against the Ohio Indians and compelled the Shawnees, Delawares, and other tribes to make peace at Tuscarawas. An account of the expedition by William Smith, D. D., was published in Philadelphia in 1765, and afterward translated into French (new edition, with preface by Francis Parkman, Cincinnati, 1885).
BOURGADE, P., R. C. bishop, b. in France in
1845. He was educated in the college of Billom and in the grand seminaire of Puy-de-Dome. The present archbishop of Santa Fe, when vicar-apostolic of Arizona, visited France in search of missionaries, and young Bourgade, who was then in deacon's orders, volunteered. He reached Tucson
in 1870, and in the same year was ordained and began mission work at Yuma. His devotion to his duties enfeebled his constitution so much that
in 1873 he was obliged to return to France. He resumed his ecclesiastical labors in the United States in 1875, and during the next six years was
pastor at San Elzaario, Texas. He then went to Silver City, Colorado, and in 1885 was consecrated vicar-apostolic of Arizona, with the titular rank of
bishop of Taumaco.
BOURGEOIS, Sister Margaret, b. in Troyes, France, in 1620 ; d. in Montreal, Canada, in 1700. Although her parents were poor, she received a good education. She lost her mother at an early age, and was obliged to take charge of her father's household. When her brothers and sisters were settled, she applied for admission into the Carmelite order, but was refused, and a similar refusal attended her petition to be received among the "Poor Clares" of her native city. She accompanied M. de Maisonneuve to Canada in 1653, and after a perilous voyage landed at Quebec and set out for Montreal, where she opened a school. Returning to France in 1658, she secured several zealous assistants, and obtained ecclesiastical permission to form them into a religious society, which received the name of the congregation of Notre Dame. She again returned to France to obtain letters-patent from Louis XIV, for the confirmation of her institute, and the French monarch granted her request, accompanied with promises of protection. In 1672 she returned to Montreal, and enthusiastically set to work to perfect her institute. Although she founded many prosperous missions, she did not obtain a confirmation of the
