church. He resigned in 1834 on account of im- paired health, and was editor of the " Presbyterian " till his death, giving it a reputation as an organ of the old-school party. In 1888 he was appointed editor of the books and tracts issued by the Pres- byterian board of publication, and held this oflfice till 1863, when he was chosen to be president of the board. His books were prepared in connection with the board of publication, and are chiefly de- votional. Among them are " Records of the Pres- byterian Church" (Philadelphia. 1840); "English Martyrologv " (1843) ; " Sick-Room Devotion " (1846) ; " Bible Dictionary" (1850) ; " Sailors' Com- panion "' (1857) ; and " Soldiers' Pocket-Book," of which 000,000 copies were circulated, principally in the army, during the civil war (1861).
ENGLISH, Earl, naval officer, b. in Crosswicks,
Burlington eo., N. J., 18 Feb.. 1824 ; d. in Washing-
ton. D. C. 16 July, 1893. He entered the naval
service, 25 Feb., 1840. His first cruise was in the
U. S. frigate " Constellation " around the world, re-
turning after an absence of four years, then being
ordered to the naval academy in Annapolis, where
he was graduated in 1846. He joined the U. S.
frigate " Independence," and was actively employed
on the Pacific coast, principally in California. He
was at the capture of Mazatlan, Mexico, in Novem-
ber, 1847, and remained there till the close of the
Mexican war. In 1852 he was attached to the
U. S. brig " Dolphin," which was engaged in " deep-
sea soundings " across the Atlantic ocean from
Newfoundland. He was appointed master, 1 March,
1855, and lieutenant on 14 Sept. In 1857 he
cruised in the East Indies, and took part in the en-
gagement with the barrier forts, seven miles below
Canton, China, in which he was wounded. He was
made lieutenant-commander, 16 July, 1862, and
served throughout the civil war, being employed
principally in the Gulf of Mexico and the sounds of
North Carolina, and commanding at different pe-
riods the "Somerset," " Sagamore," and " Wyalu-
sing." In 1866 he was appointed commander, and
after the war served four years on the East India
station. He was then employed in Japanese waters
during the struggle that resulted in the overthrow
of the Tycoon. When the latter was defeated at
Osaka, 13 Feb., 1868, he received him on board the
" Iroquois," which was then anchored in the Osaka
river. He was commissioned captain, 28 Sept.,
1871, commodore, 25 March, 1880, and rear-ad-
miral, 4 Sept., 1884, at which time he resigned the
office of chief of the bureau of equipment and i-e-
cruiting, which he had held for six years. He then
took command of the European station, and was
retired, 18 Feb., 1886.
ENGLISH, George Bethune, adventurer, b. in
Cambridge, Mass., 7 March, 1787; d. in Washing-
ton, D. C., 20 Sept., 1828. He was graduated at
Harvard in 1807, and then studied law, but neg-
lected his practice and turned his attention to
theology. While studying Hebrew in Cambridge
he began to doubt the truth of the Christian relig-
ion, which he attacked in a book entitled " The
Grounds of Christianity Examined " (Boston, 1813).
This was answered by JEdward Everett in 1814, and
in reply English wrote " Five Smooth Stones out
of the Brook." Subsequently he edited a western
paper for a time, and then sailed to the Mediter-
ranean as a lieutenant of U. S. marines. On his
arrival in Egypt he resigned his commission and
joined Ismail Pacha in an expedition against Sen-
naar in 1820, winning distinction as an officer of ar-
tillery. As an experiment, he revived the ancient
scythe-armed war-chariot, which was destroyed by
being driven against a stone wall in Cairo, and he
also employed camels for dragging cannon. He next
became an agent of the U. S. government in the Le-
vant, but in 1827 he returned to the United States
and went to Washington, where he remained until
his death. His friend, Samuel L. Knapp, has com-
posed an ingenious epitaph recounting the inci-
dents of his life. His genius was versatile, and he
possessed remarkable facility for acquiring lan-
guages. Besides the works mentioned above, he
published replies to William E. Channing's two
sermons on infidelity (1813), and a "Narrative of
the Expedition to Dongola and Sennaar " (London,
1822 ; Boston. 1823).
ENGLISH, James Edward, statesman, b. in
New Haven, Conn., 13 March, 1812; d. there, 2
March, 18'J0. For several years he served an ap-
prenticeship in a carpenter's shop. Here his en-
ergy and capacity were such that before he had
attained his majority he was made master builder.
He then engaged in the lumber-trade, and subse-
quently in real estate, banking, and maiui factoring
enterprises, and became one of the richest men in
Connecticut. In 1848 he was a member of tlie
New Haven common council, and elected a mem-
ber of the state general assembly in 1855. and
elected to the senate in 1856-'8. He was then
elected to congress as a War-Democrat, and served
from 1861 till 1865, voting with the Republicans for
the abolition of slavery. He was a delegate to tlie
Philadelphia national union convention in 1866,
and was governor of Connecticut in 1867-'70.
He then travelled extensively in Europe and the
United States. In 1875 he was elected U. S. sena-
tor to fill a vacancy, and served till the following
spring. He was president of the New Haven sav-
ings bank, and a manager of Adams exi)ress co.
ENGLISH, Thomas Dunn, author, b. in Pliiladelphia. Pa., 29 June, 1819. His ancestors were Quakers, who settled in Mount Pleasant, N. J., in 1684. The name was originally Angelos, which has been corrupted to the present form. He was educated chiefly in private academies and at the Friends' boarding-school in Burlington, N. J. When only seventeen years of age he wrote for the Philadelphia press. He was graduated in medicine at the University of Pennsylvania in 1839, but after a short practice he studied law in Philadelphia, and was admitted to the bar in 1842. He edited a daily paper in New York in 1844, and in the following year began the publication of a literary magazine," " The Aristidean," of which only a single volume was issiunl. In 1848 he edited a humorous periodical entitled "John Donkey," and in the same year he wrote a work on the French Revolution of that period, in conjunction with G. G. Foster. He removed to Virginia in 1852, where he remained five years, after which he wrote in New York the " Logan Grazier" and other poems descriptive of life and character in that region. In 1859 he settled in New Jersey, where he has since practised medicine. He has been actively engaged in politics, and served in the New Jersey legislature in 1863-'4. William and Mary gave him the degree of LL. D. in 1876. He is the author of several novels, mostly pseudonymous, and of more than twenty dramas, of which " The IMormons " is the only one printed. He wrote " Ben Bolt," a popular song, which first appeared in the New York " Mirror " in 1843, and the " Gallows-Goers," a rough but vigorous poem, which had an immense circulation during the agitation of the question of capital punishment from 1845 till 1850. His other publications are "Walter Woolfe " (Philadelphia. 1842) ; " MDCCCXLI v., or the Power of the S. F.," a political satire (New York, 1845) ; " Poems " (New
