tice in diseases of women. Toward this end he founded the St. Louis school of midwives, the St. Louis lying-in hospital, and the St. Louis polyclinic and post-graduate school of medicine, holding the chair of gynecology and obstetrics in the latter institution. He is a member of medical and scientific societies, was one of the founders of the American gynecological society, being its vice-president in 1886, of the St. Louis obstetric and gynecological society, of which he was vice-president in 1887, and also of the St. Louis medico-chirurgical society. Dr. Engelmann has been active in archeology, having opened mounds and collected specimens in southern Missouri, he has a valuable museum of the material which he has gathered, and has exchanged specimens with museums in Berlin and Vienna, and with the Peabody in Cambridge, Mass., the Natural history in New York, and the National museum in Washington, D. C. Dr. Engelmann is the author of numerous papers contributed to medical journals in his specialty, some of which have been translated into French and German.
ENGLAND, John, R. C. bishop, b. in Cork,
L'eland, 23 Sept., 1786 ; d. in Charleston, S. C, 11
April, 1843. He was educated in the schools of
Cork, and studied law for two years, but in 1803
entered the theological college of Carlow. Here
his progress in his studies was so brilliant that
after his second year he was selected to deliver
public lectures on religious subjects. He also de-
voted much of the time given him for recreation to
the instruction of the militia stationed in the town.
He also founded an asylum for unprotected females
which afterward suggested the plan of the Presen-
tation convent, and established free schools for
the education of poor boys. In 1808 he was recalled
by his bishop and appointed president of the theo-
logical seminary at Cork. He took a leading part
in the agitation for Catholic emancipation, and,
with the view of helping the cause of religious
liberty, founded the " Chronicle," which he con-
tinued to edit till his departure from Ireland.
When the see of Charleston, embracing the states of
North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia, was
founded. Dr. England was nominated its first
bishop. As he had determined to become an
American citizen, he refused to take the oath of
allegiance exacted from Irish bishops on their con-
secration. After some difficulty he was consecrated
in Cork in 1830, and arrived in Charleston the
same year. Bishop England had many obstacles
to contend with. There were only two priests and
two churciies in the three states under his jurisdic-
tion, and his flock was made up chiefly of poor
Irish emigrants and refugees from Santo Domingo.
In order to provide priests for his diocese he opened
a classical school in Charleston, and the success that
attended his efforts in this respect enabled him to
support several of his ecclesiastical students. Not
only did he succeed in training a body of educated
missionaries for his church, but he largely con-
tributed to the revival of classical learning in South
Carolina. Several schools were reopened, and the
College of Charleston, which had suspended for
some time, resumed its studies. He infused new
life into the Philosophical literary association of
Charleston as soon as he became a member, and
did much to suppress duelling, not by intemperate
denunciations, but by forming the most influential
gentlemen of the state into an anti-duelling asso-
ciation. His address in reprobation of the prac-
tice before this body is considered a masterpiece
of argument and persuasion. He was invited by
congress to preach in the hall of representatives at
Washington, and was the first Catholic clergyman
on whom this honor was conferred. To explain
and defend the doctrines of his church he estab-
lished the " United States Catholic Miscellany " at
Charleston. It was through the columns of this
periodical that most of Bishop England's writings
found their way to the public. His influence was
felt in every part of the Catholic church in this
country, and his influence at Rome was decisive in
all ecclesiastical affairs connected with the United
States. His courses of lectures, which he delivered
in all the great cities of the Union, were attended
by citizens of every creed. Nothing, however, en-
deared him to the people of Charleston so much
as his heroism during the frequent visitations of
the yellow fever, when he continued at his post
night and day. In 1834 he visited Ireland and
obtained the services of three nuns of the Ursuline
order, by whose aid he established the Ursuline
schools of Charleston. lie also founded orphan
asylums, boarding-schools, and free schools, which
he placed under the charge of Sisters of Our I^ady
of Mercy. He conceived the plan of assembling
the prelates in council for mutual aid, and has been
styled " the author of our provincial councils."
He visited Europe four times in the interests of
his diocese, was sent twice as apostolic delegate
from the pope to Hayti, and was offei-ed an Irish
bishopric, which he declined. On his return from
Europe in 1841 malignant dysentery broke out
among the steerage passengers, and his attendance
on them was incessant until he was attacked by the
disease himself. He finally died from its effects,
which were heightened by overwork, immediately
after landing. Dr. England increased the number
of churches in his diocese to seventeen, and left a
numerous and well-organized clergy behind him.
His principal works are " Discourse before tlie
Hibernian Society of Savannah " (Charleston, 1834) ;
" Explanation of the Construction, Furniture, and
Ornaments of a Church " (Baltimore) ; " Letters on
Slavery " ; and " Works," edited by Bishop Rey-
nolds (5 vols., Baltimore, 1849).
ENGLAND, Sir Richard, British soldier, b,
about 1750; d. 7 Nov., 1813. He was a resident of
Clifford, County Clare, Ireland, served with distinc-
tion in the American campaigns from 1775 till
1781, and was at one time commandant of Detroit.
He was efficient in aiding the colonization of the
extreme western portion of Upper Canada. — His
son, Sir Richard, b. in Detroit, Mich., in 1793;
d. 19 Jan., 1883, joined the British army, and in
recognition of his services in the Crimean war was
made a lieutenant-general in 1855.
ENGLE, Frederick, naval officer, b. in Dela-
ware county, Pa., in 1799 ; d. in Philadelphia, 13
Feb., 1868. He entered the navy as a midshipman
on 30 Nov., 1814, and became lieutenant on 13
Jan., 1835. During the Mexican war he command-
ed the "Princeton" and served in the blockading
squadron. He was promoted to captain in 1855,
and at the beginning of the civil war was sent to
China to bring home the "Hartford." He was
then assigned to the command of the Philadelphia
navy-yard, and subsequently became governor of
the naval asylum in that city. He was promoted
to be rear-admiral on the retired list, 35 July, 1866.
ENGLES, William Morrison, author, b. in Philadelphia, Pa., 12 Oct.. 1797 ; d. 37 Nov., 1867. He was graduated at the University of Pennsylvania in 1815, and studied theology with Dr. Samuel B. Wylie, receiving his licence to preach in 1818. After spending some time in missionary labors in Wyoming, he returned to Philadelphia in 1830, and was ordained pastor of the 7th Presbyterian
