made Gardiner's bay a rendezvous during the Revo- lution, and tool< supplies from the island. The same thing occurred during the war of 1812-'15 between the United States and England, and in 1869 it was selected as the rallying-point of an expedition in- tended to liberate Cuba from the Spanish yoke.
GARDINER, Sylvester, physician, b. in South
Kingston, R. I., 29 June, 1707 ; d. in Newport, 8
Aug., 1786. After studying medicine in London
and Paris he became a practitioner in Boston, a
lecturer on anatomy, and a drug merchant. In
the sale of drugs he acquired a large fortune, and
became proprietor of a part of "Plymouth Pur-
chase " on the Kennebeck river. His efforts to
settle this domain were unceasing from 1753 to the
Revolution. About the middle of the century he
colonized it with Germans, and settled the town of
Pittston, from which the present city of Gai'diner,
Me., was afterward set off, annually furnishing
the colonists with supplies. He also contributed
liberally to the erection of King's chapel, Boston,
of which he was a warden, and promoted the intro-
duction of inoculation for the small-pox. He was
the compiler and publisher of a prayer-book, built
and endowed Christ church, the first Episcopal
church in Pittston, Me., and presented that town
with a valuable library, which afterward became
scattered. He was one of those who signed the
address to Gov. Hutchinson in 1774, approving
that officer's course, and in the year following he
became an active supporter of the royal cause.
When the British army evacuated Boston in 1776,
he left that city and went to Halifax. In 1778 his
name appeared in the proscription and banishment
act. He removed to England during the war,
taking with him but a small proportion of his
property, and settled in Poole. Al)out 100,000
acres of his great estate were confiscated and sold,
but his heirs recovered it many years afterward.
After the war, in 1785, Dr. Gardiner returned to
this country and settled in Newport, R. I. His
remains were interred under Trinity church in that
city, and in the Episcopal church in Gardiner, Me.,
there is a cenotaph to his memory. — His eldest son,
John, lawyer, b. in Boston in 1731 ; d. near Cape
Ann, Mass., 15 Oct., 1793, studied law at the inner
temple, London, and was admitted to practice in
the courts of Westminster Hall. He became inti-
mate with Churchill, the satirist, with Loi'd Mans-
field, and with John Wilkes, in whose cause he ap-
peared as junior counsel in 1764. He also appeared
for Bi'eadmoi'e and Meredith, who, for writings in
support of Wilkes, had been imprisoned on a gen-
eral warrant. He practised a short time with suc-
cess in the Welsh circuit, and then procured in
1766 the appointment of attorney-general in the
island of St. Christopher, West Indies, where he
remained until after the American Revolution,
when he returned, in 1783, to Boston. A few years
later he removed to Pownalboro', Me., and repre-
sented that town in the Massachusetts legislature
until his death. While a member of that body he
procured the abolition of the law of primogeniture,
promoted several legal reforms, and was earnest
but unsuccessful in his arguments for the repeal
of the statutes of 1750 against theatrical enter-
tainments. The law that he sought to abolish re-
mained in force until 1793, when it was repealed.
Mr. Gardiner was one of the most influential of
the early Unitarians of Boston, and prominently
participated in the transformation of King's chapel,
of which his father was one of the founders, from
an Episcopal into a Unitarian Congregational
church. He jnet his death by drowning wiiile on
his way to the general court of Massachusetts. In
connection with his efforts to repeal the anti-
theatrical laws while he was a member of the Mas-
sachusetts legislature, he published a " Dissertation
on the Ancient Poetry of the Romans," with inci-
dental observations on certain superstitions. He
also wrote a political tract in verse entitled " Jacobinial," a satire on the republican clubs of Boston,
a revision of which by the author was published
in Boston in 1795. — His son, John Sylvester John, clergyman and scholar, b. in Haverford West, South Wales, in June, 1765 ; d. in Harrowgate, England, 29 July, 1830. At an early age, about 1770, he was sent to his grandfather. Dr. Sylvester Gardiner, in Boston, for education. Shortly after the opening of the Revolution, and
after visiting his father in the West Indies, he was removed to England, and placed in 1776 under the
care of Dr. Samuel Parr, by whom he was instructed until 1782. He returned to the United States in 1783 by way of the West Indies, and was accompanied by his father to Boston, where he began the study of law. Subsequently, in 1787, he was ordained deacon in the Protestant Episcopal
church by Bishop Provoost, in St. Paul's church.
New York. He then became pastor of the parish
of St. Helena, near Beaufort, S. C. He took
priest's orders in 1791, became assistant rector
of Trinity church, Boston, in 1792, and on the
death of Bishop Parker, in 1805, succeeded him as
rector, continuing to hold that post until his
death. While assistant rector, he taught a large
classical school, and afterward instructed a few
pjupils in his own house. He died while on a for-
eign tour for his health. He received the degree
of A. M. from Harvard in 1803, and that of D. D.
from the University of Pennsylvania in 1813. In
1805-'ll he was president of the Anthology club,
which was organized at his house, and for sevei'al
years conducted the " Anthology and Boston
Monthly Review," which was one of the ablest lit-
erary periodicals in the United States, and assisted
greatly in elevating the standard of letters in this
country. It was the remote precursor of the
" North American Review," to which Dr. Gardiner
was a contributor. To the Anthology club belongs
the honor of founding the Boston athenamm. Dr.
Gardiner was a classical scholar of eminence and
an eloquent preacher, and exerted a wide influence.
He published numerous sermons, delivered before
various societies (1802-'23). — Another grandson of
Sylvester, Robert Hallowell, b. in Bristol. Eng-
land, about 1782; d. in Gardiner. Me., 22 March,
1864. came to this country in 1792. He was the
son of Dr. Sylvester Gardiner's daughter Hannah,
and Robert Hallowell, but took the surname of
Gardiner in 1802, in obedience to the will of his
uncle, on inheriting the latter's estate. He was
fitted for college in the Boston Latin-school, and
graduated at Harvard in 1801, after which he
travelled abroad for sixteen months, and in 1803
returned and settled on his estate, giving much of
his time to its cultivation and to advancing the in-
terests of the town of Gardiner, to which he gave
a church, a lyceum, and a public library. He was
an active member of the Maine historical society,
and was its president from 1846 till 1855.
GARDNER, Caleb, sea-captain, b. in Newport, R. I., in 1739: d. there, 24 Dec, 1806. Living near the harbor and owning a boat, he was in boyhood familiar with the waters and islands of Narragansett bay, and as a young man became a sea-captain, sailing his own ship to China, to the East
Indies, and made other long voyages. Before the beginning of the Revolution he had retired from the sea and engaged in mercantile pursuits in his
