the "Squatter Sovereign" in February. 1858, and changing its name to the " Champion." exercised through its columns a powerful influence on the po- litical development of the state. In July. 1859, he was secretary of the Wyandotte convention, at which the state constitution was framed, in Octo- ber of that year was a delegate to the Republican convention, and in December was elected a state senator. He was a member of the National Re- publican convention in 1860, and after the admis- sion of Kansas to the Union in 1861 was post- master at Atchison. He served during one session in the state senate, on 27 Oct. joined the National army as lieutenant-colonel of the 8th Kansas in- fantry, and was for some time provost-marshal of Leavenworth. On 1 Nov., 1862, he was promoted colonel of the regiment, and a month later appoint- ed provost-marshal at Nashville, Tenn., in which capacity he served six months. He took part in the principal engagements of the Array of the Cum- berland, commanding a brigade at Chickamauga, and also for several months before he was mus- tered out, 17 Nov.. 1864. He was brevetted briga- dier-general of volunteers for services during the war. Returning to Atchison, he resumed the management of his newspaper, which he converted into a daily, and in 1865 was elected mayor. He was a delegate to the Republican National con- ventions of 1868, 1872, and 1880. a member of the National committee of the party from 1868 till 1884, also of the IT. S. centennial commission in 1876, and since 1878 acted as a manager of the National soldiers' home. He was elected governor of Kansas in 1884, and in 1886 was re-elected.
MARTIN, John Hill, lawyer, b. in Philadel-
phia, 13 Jan., 1823. He entered the U. S. military
academy in 1838, but resigned in 1841 to enter on
the study of the law, and in 1844 was admitted to
the Philadelphia bar. In 1851 he became the legal
editor of the •' Philadelphia Intelligencer," an in-
surance journal, which post he still retains (1888),
engaging also in the work of his profession. He
is the author of " Bethlehem and the Moravians "
(Philadelphia, 1872) : " The Bench and Bar " (1883) ;
and " Chester and its Vicinity, Delaware County,
Pennsylvania, with Genealogical Sketches of some
Old Families" (1877).
MARTIN, John Nicholas, clergyman, b. in the
duchy of Deux-Ponts, Rhenish Bavaria, about 1725 ;
d. 27 July, 1795. He came to this country about
the middle of the 18th century, in company with a
Lutheran colony, as their pastor, and finally set-
tled in a district between the Broad and Saluda
rivers. South Carolina, where he remained many
years. In 1776 he took charge of the Lutheran
church in Charleston, which was his last field of
labor. When it was ascertained that he would not
pray for the king, he was interdicted from preach-
ing and placed under arrest, and his property hav-
ing been confiscated he was driven from the city.
He remained in the interior of the state till 1783,
when he returned to his congregation, and preached
till his retirement in 1787.
MARTIN, Joseph Hamilton, clergyman, b. in
Jefferson county, Tenn., 11 Aug., 1825 ; d. in
Georgetown, Ky., 7 Feb.. 1887. He was gradu-
ated at East Tennessee university (now the Uni-
versity of Tennessee, from which he received the
degree of D. D. in 1878) in 1843, and at Union theo-
logical seminary, New York city, in 1846. After
laboring for two years as a missionary among sail-
ors at New Orleans, he was installed as pastor of
the Presbvterian church at Huntsville, Ala., in
August, 1848. From 1851 till 1864 he preached in
Knoxville, Tenn., and then in Bethesda, S. C, till
, and for the next two years in W}i;heville,
Va. He preached subsequently to variousehurches
in Tennessee, and was a pastor in Atlanta, Ga.,
from 1873 till 1882. and preached to vacant churches
near Georgetown, Ky., till his death. He was the
author of two historical poems entitled " Smith
and Pocahontas " (Richmond. 1862). and " The
Declaration of Independence " (New York, 1876) ;
also of many Sunday-school songs.
MARTIN, Joshua Lanier, governor of Ala-
bama, b. in Blount county, Tenn., 5 Dec, 1799 ; d.
in Tuscaloosa. Ala., 2 Nov., 1856. He was edu-
cated imder the instructions of Rev. Isaac Ander-
son at Maryville. Tenn., removed to Alabama, stud-
ied law, was admitted to the bar, and within a
short time took high rank in his profession. He
was a member of the Alabama legislature in 1822,
and for some time solictor, and subsequently a cir-
cuit judge and chancellor of the middle division
of the state. He was elected to congress in 1835,
and re-elected for the following tenn. In 1845 he
took issue with the other Democratic leaders in
Alabama on the question of the state credit, an-
nounced himself as an independent candidate for
governor, and was elected ; and the financial stand-
ing of the state was preserved unimpaired. — His
son, John Mason, member of congress, b. in Ath-
ens, Limestone co., Ala., 20 Jan., 1837, was gradu-
ated at Centre college, Danville. Ky., in 1856, stud-
ied law, was admitted to the bar in 1858. and es-
tablished himself in practice at Tuscaloosa, Ala.
He served four years in the Confederate army, was
elected a state senator in 1871 to fill a vacancy, re-
elected for a full term the following year, and
chosen president pro tempore. In 1875 he became
professor of equity jurisprudence in the Univer-
sity of Alabama. He was elected to the National
house of representatives as a Democrat, and served
from 7 Dec, 1885, till 3 March. 1887.
MARTIN Josiah, colonial governor, b. probably in Antigua, W. I., 23 April, 1737; d. in London, England, in July, 1786. He became an ensign in the British army in 1756, and had risen to the rank of lieutenant-colonel in 1771, when he was appointed royal governor of North Carolina, succeeding William Tryon, who had been transferred to New York after the battle of Alamance. Gov.
Martin, with conciliatory tact, attained a good understanding with the Regulators, many of whom
remained faithful to the crown throughout the Revolution. He assumed a firm attitude toward the Whigs, and, when the difficulties with the home government approached a crisis in the colonies, was secretly active in organizing the Highlanders and other loyal elements. In his speech to the
assembly in April, 1775, he reviewed the situation, and defined his position in energetic language. The assembly replied in equally resolute terms, whereupon he dissolved it. and began to enlist a Loyalist force. On 24 April, while he was in conference with those members of the council that adhered to royalist views, a body of Whigs attacked his house and carried off six guns that he had planted. The next day he sent his family to New York, and took refuge on board the sloop-of-war "Cruiser," transferring his headquarters to Fort Johnston on Cape Fear river. When the Mecklenburg resolutions were published he transmitted to England a copy of the document, which he described as " setting up a system of rule and regulation subversive of his majesty's government," while still affirming his belief that he had the means in his own hands " to maintain the sovereignty of this country to my royal master in any event." He already had requested from Gen. Thomas Gage
