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of sacred law there. He was made canon and counsellor of the cathedral of Santiago in 1757, later became vicar-general, and was twice governor of the bishopric. In 1764 he was unanimously elected rector of the university, and in 1767 he be- came archdeacon. He was made assistant bishop in 1771, consecrated bishop of C-oncepcion in 1778, and in 1803 promoted bishop of Guamanga. In 1809 he was nominated for the archbishopric of Chili, and, being confirmed by the pope, took pos- session of his see early in 1810. He joined the movement for independence, and was elected by popular vote vice-president of the first revolution- ary governing junta.

MARTINEZ-CAMPOS, Arsenio, Spanish sol- dier, b. in Segovia, Spain, in 1831. He entered the army, took part in the war against Morocco, and became colonel in 1859. He went' to Mexico under Gen. Prim in 1862, but returned to Spain. When the insurrection began in Cuba, he was sent to the island and did good service. In 1871 he was ap- pointed governor of Santiago de Cuba, and in 1872 he returned to Spain. He then became lieu- tenant-general and succeeded in bringing to an end the Carlist war. In 1876 he was appointed captain-general of Cuba, and after many etforts and by means of a conciliatory policy pacified the island, and terminated the civil war that had de- vastated the country for ten years. He remained governor of Cuba until 1879, and did much to secure reforms for the island. He has since been prominent in Spanish politics.

MARTINEZ Y CORRES, Cristobal, Cuban musician, b. in Havana, Cuba, in June, 1823; d. in Genoa, Italy, in 1842. When he was ten years old his parents took him to Paris, where he studied music. There he wrote a mass, several romances and songs, and a comic opera with the title " Le diable contrebandier," which was performed with success in the Theatre de I'opera comique. He then went to Genoa, composed another mass, a sep- tuor, and the comic opera " Don Papavero," which was performed at Turin. He was engaged in the composition of a grand opera for La Scala, Milan, when he died from the results of overwork.

MARTINEZ DE ROZAS, Juan, South American statesman, b. in ]Mendoza, Argentine Republic, in 1759 ; d. there in February, 1813. He studied philosophy and theology in the College of Monserrate, in Cordova, and in 1780 went to Santiago to study civil and canonical law in the University of San Felipe, where he was graduated in 1781. He was appointed in the same year to the chair of philosophy in the Royal college of San Carlos, and was the first in Chili to teach physics. In 1782 he also taught jurisprudence in the same college and at the University of San Felipe, and in 1784 he was admitted to the bar of the audiencia, being graduated in 1786 as doctor of civil and canon law. He was appointed assistant intendant of the province of Concepcion in 1787, fortified the fron- tier line of Arauco. founded the city of Linares, and in the rising of the Araucanians did important services that were rewarded by the rank of lieu- tenant-colonel. In 1796 he was appointed second in command of the presidency of Chili. He began in 1808 to support the cause of independence, and, gaining the confidence and good-will of the frontier forces, he kept up an active correspondence with Gen. Belgrano and other Argentine chiefs. When independence was declared, he was appointed a member of the first governing junta, 10 Sept., 1810. On 27 Feb.. 1811, he was promoted to the presidency of the junta, and immediately sent an auxiliary force of 400 men to Buenos Ayres to assist in the war in upper Peru. On 1 April he personally quelled a mutiny of the soldiers, dis- solving the audiencia, which had instigated the movement, and establishing instead the court of appeals. He convoked the first congress, and opened it with an eloquent address, which is pre- served as a noteworthy political document. After Carrera assumed the supreme power he banished Martinez to Mendoza, where he died soon afterward.

MARTIUS, Charles Frederic Philip de (mar-teeus'), German botanist, b. in Erlangen, 17 April, 1794 ; d. in Munich, 13 Dec, 1869. He was graduated at Munich in 1816 as a surgeon, appointed in the following year physician of the expedition that was sent by the Bavarian and Austrian governments to Brazil, and specially charged with the ethnographical and botanical work. The expedition achieved few satisfactory results, and but for Martins would scarcely be remembered. The latter studied the natural history of the country thoroughly, and collecting notes and documents that enabled him on his return to Europe to publish " Reise nach Brasilien " (3 vols., Munich, 1824-'32) and "' Nova genera et species plantarum Brasiliarum," the most complete work of its kind according to Alexander von Humboldt (3 vols., 1824-'32). Martins was a member of many learned societies, and at his death was professor of botany in the University of Munich. He also wrote "Genera et species plantarum Palmarum " (3 vols., 1828-45) ; •' Die Pflanzen und Thiere des tropischen Amerika " (1831); " Systema materiae medicae vegetabilis Brasiliensis " (Leipsic, 1843) ; and " Flora Brasiliensis," on which the author labored twenty years, and which was printed at the expense of the Bavarian government (10 vols., Stuttgart, 1840-'57). Martins wrote also several less important works on Brazil.

MARTY, Martin, R. C. bishop, b. in Schwyz, Switzerland, 12 Jan., 1834; d. in St. Cloud, 19 Sept., 1896. He studied in colleges, with the in- tention to fit himself for the medical pro- fession, but he after- ward went through a course of theolo- gy, and on 14 Sept., 1856, was ordained. He came to the United States to assist in founding a new Benedictine ab- bey and college, and learning on his arrival that Bishop De Saint Palais, of Vincennes. was in need of German priests,

he went thither with

two companions in 1860. After consultation with the bishop, he purchased a tract of 7,000 acres in Spencer county, Ind.. part of which he sold to colonists whom he invited from Germany and Switzerland. Through his efforts Spencer and Dubois counties were settled almost entirely by German Roman Catholics. He built many churches, and in 1865 erected St. Meinrad's priory, and was made its first superior. He also established and presided over a theological college. In 1870 Pope Pius IX. raised St. Meinrad's to the rank of an abbey, formed the priests connected with it into the " Helveto-American congregation," and appointed Father Marty a mitred abbot. He resigned his office a few vears later to devote himself