appointed deputy adjutant-general of militia at Toronto in 1886. He is the author of "A Manual for the Canadian Militia " (Toronto, 1880).
OTTERBEIN, Philip William, clergyman, b.
in Dillenburg, Germany, 4 June, 1726; d. in Baltimore,
Md., 17 Nov., 1813. He was ordained as a
minister of the German Reformed church at
Herborn, Germany, in 1749, and was one of the clergymen
that were brought over in 1752 by Michael
Schlatter under the auspices of the synod of North
and South Holland to preach to the Germans of
Pennsylvania. He was first settled at Lancaster,
Pa. Otterbein was possessed of an ardent missionary
spirit, and was a powerful orator. He made
extensive tours, associated himself with revivalists
of other churches, and adopted prayer-meetings,
class-meetings, and open-air meetings in
groves. He also encouraged eloquent laymen to
pray and exhort, some of whom became regular
preachers of various denominations. These new
measures, borrowed in part from the practices of
the Methodists, aroused opposition among the
conservative members of his own and other churches.
He left Lancaster for Tulpehocken in 1758, in 1760
went to Frederick, Md., and in 1765 was settled at
York. Pa. In all his pastorates his novel methods
excited antagonism. He was in Europe in 1770-'1,
and after his return preached again at York until
1774, when he removed to Baltimore. His numerous
disciples desired to form a new religious
society, while he wished them to continue their church
connections and labor for a revival of religion in
the existing religious bodies. They could not
induce him to sever his relations with the Reformed
church, though a few weeks before his death he
ordained a preacher for the new sect, which
assumed the name of United Brethren of Christ.
OTTIGNY, Charles d', French soldier, b. in
Cholet in 1524; d. in Florida in September, 1565.
Entering the army in 1542, he served with credit
in Italy, but later he became a Protestant and left
the royal service. In 1562 he accompanied Jean
Ribaut in his first voyage to Florida, and in 1564
he became lieutenant of Gov. Laudonnière, who had
been commissioned by Admiral Coligny to found
a French colony in Florida. They landed on 25
June, 1564, off the mouth of the river May, and,
after an exploration in the interior by Ottigny, they
began to build Fort Caroline. Ottigny afterward
sailed up the river May (now St. John's river),
for more than 100 miles, and opened intercourse
with Outina, a chief, whom later he aided in a raid
on the villages of Potanou. During the ensuing
mutinies he several times saved Laudonnière's life.
When the latter was removed by Jean Ribaut in
August, 1565, Ottigny retained his office of deputy
commander, and after the capture of Ribaut he
refused to surrender to Pedro Menendez, but, taking
refuge in the hills with a few followers, for
several days waged a bloody war against the
Spaniards. He was captured at last and slain, it is said,
by Menendez. Laudonnière in his narrative
acknowledges his indebtedness to Ottigny, whose fate
was regretted by the French Protestants.
OTTO, Charles, Danish physician, b. in St.
Thomas, W. I., 20 May, 1795; d. in Copenhagen,
13 May, 1879. He received his early education in
St. Thomas, but finished his studies in Copenhagen,
where he was graduated in medicine in
1819. He visited South America in 1825, 1829,
1834, and 1848, and published “Phrenologien,” in
which the author made a particular study of the
crania of the South American Indians (Copenhagen,
1825); “Om Brændevinens fordærvelige
Virkninger paa menneskens Legeme og Aand,”
in which the author narrates the terrible effects of
liquor on the Indian races of North and South
America; and other works.
OTTO, John Conrad, physician, b. near
Woodbridge, N. J., 15 March, 1774; d. in Philadelphia,
26 June, 1844. His great-grandfather, grandfather,
and father were physicians. His grandfather came
to this country from Germany in 1752, settled in
Philadelphia, where he engaged in the practice of
medicine, and during the winter of 1778 had
charge of the hospital of the Continental army
at Valley Forge. His father, Dr. Bodo Otto,
was warmly attached to the patriot cause, sat
in the senate of New Jersey, and served during
the war as an officer in the Revolutionary army.
The son was graduated at Princeton in 1792, and
in medicine at the University of Pennsylvania in
1796. In 1798 he was elected one of the physicians
of the Philadelphia dispensary, and in 1813, on the
death of Dr. Benjamin Rush, he was chosen to
succeed the latter as one of the physicians and
clinical lecturer of the Pennsylvania hospital,
which post he held twenty-one years, and in
connection with which he became extensively known
throughout the United States. He was physician
to the Orphan asylum for twenty years, and during
many years to the Magdalen asylum. In the
cholera epidemic of 1833 he was one of the twelve
physicians that were chosen by the public authorities
of Philadelphia to adopt sanitary measures
and establish and conduct hospitals in the city,
and at the organization of the sanitary board he
was chosen its president. He was a fellow of the
College of physicians, in which he held the office
of censor, and from 1840 until his death that of
vice-president, and was for many years a member
of the American philosophical society. He
published “An Account of an Hemorrhagic Disposition
in certain Families” in the “New York Medical
Repository” (1803), and another paper on the same
subject in “Coxe's Medical Museum” (1805). It is
said that these papers are the first that appeared on
this subject. He was also the author of other medical
papers. — His son, William Tod, lawyer, b. in
Philadelphia, 19 Jan., 1817, was graduated at the
University of Pennsylvania in 1833, read law with
Joseph R. Ingersoll, and removed to Indiana,
where he was admitted to the bar. He followed
his profession until 1844, and then held the office
of judge of the district court of Indiana for six
years, also serving for several years as professor of
law in the University of Indiana, from which
institution he received the degree of LL. D. In
1863 he was appointed assistant secretary of the
interior of the United States, and he held the office
until 1871, when he was appointed arbitrator on
the part of the United States under the convention
with Spain for settlement of claims of citizens of
this country. In 1875-'82 he was reporter of the
United States supreme court, in which capacity he
published sixteen volumes.
OTTONI, Theophilo Benedicto (ot-to'-nee), Brazilian journalist, b. in Do Serro, 27 Nov., 1807 ; d. in Rio Janeiro, 17 Oct.. 1869. At the age of fifteen he composed sundry patriotic poems, which revealed a precocious talent. He began his studies in 1823 in Do Serro, in 1826 went to Rio Janeiro to finish them, and in 1828 entered the navy as a midshipman. While at the university he had became affiliated with the Liberal party, wrote in the "Astrea" under the pen-name of O joven pernambucano, and was a correspondent for the "Astro de Minas" and the "Echo do Serro," and a member and secretary of the secret " Club dos Amigos Unidos." In 1830 he resigned from the
