navy and retired to his native province of Minas Geraes, where he engaged in commerce, and was editor of the " Sentinella do Serro," a republican opposition paper. In 1838 he was elected to congress, and in 1841 he ardently opposed the creation of the new council of state. When in 1842 the chamber was dissolved, the Liberal party in Sao Paulo and Minas Geraes rose in arms. Ottoni placed himself at the head of the insurgents, and after the rout of Santa Luzia was captured, but the jury of Ouro Preto acquitted him, and he was included in the amnesty that was granted by the emperor in 1844. In 1846 he was vice-president of the chamber of deputies, and as such represented congress at the baptism of the imperial princess. In 1847 he founded the Mucury company, which seemed to offer a great future to the north of Minas, and he lost all his fortune and ruined his health in this scheme. In 1861 he was elected to the senate, where he sat until his death.
OTTS, John Martin Philip, clergyman, b. in Union, S. C, 7 June, 1838. He was graduated at Davidson college. N. C, in 1859, and at the theological seminary at Columbia, S. C, in 1862, and was ordained in the spring of 1863 to the ministry of the Presbyterian church. He was pastor at Greensborough, Ala., till 1867, then at Columbia, Tenn., till 1873, and next at Wilmington, Del., till 1878, when he was called to the Chambers memorial church at Philadelphia, Pa. There he remained till 1885, when he took charge of a church at Talladega, Ala. He has received the degree of D. D. Dr. Otts has contributed largely to the "Southern Presbyterian Review," the "Princeton Review," and other religious magazines and church papers, and is the author of " Nicodemus with Jesus," discussing the functions and mission of Christ (Philadelphia, 1867) ; "Light and Life for a Dead World" (1868); "The Southern Pen and Pulpit" (Columbia, Tenn., 1869-'70); "Inter-Denominational Literature" (New York, 1872); and "The Gospel of Honesty" (Wilmington, 1877). A collected edition of his works is in preparation.
OUDIN, Christian Jules (oo-dang). West Indian missionary, b. near Fort Royal, Martinique, in 1681 ; d. in Naples, Italy, in 1741. He was descended on his mother's side from a Carib cacique. Gudin received his education in Paris, became a Jesuit, and was employed in missionary work in Santo Domingo for several years. In 1723 he came to Louisiana in answer to an invitation from the Mississippi company, and sailed up the river for several hundred miles. He founded in 1724 a mission among the Natchez Indians in southern Arkansas, which prospered, but he claimed that the French and Spanish traders demoralized the Indians by selling them spirits, and forbade them access to his missions unless he were present. The traders complained, and Gudin was summoned to New Grleans in 1729. He easily justified himself, but, the policy of the French authorities being to promote trade with the Indians at any cost, he was sent to labor among the Tonicas. Here he not only succeeded for some time in keeping the traders from the Indians, but even organized parties to chase them when they came in sight. He was recalled again, but refused to leave his mission, although his ecclesiatical superiors urged him to obey. A detachment of soldiers was despatched to capture him in 1735, but he eluded them for several months, and when at last he was taken he appealed to the Indians to defend him. Negotiations continued for several hours with the chiefs, but, Gudin taking advantage of the respite to excite the Indians, the commander of the detachment seized him and carried him off. A short but bloody engagement followed with the Indians, in which three soldiers and a far greater number of Indians were either killed or wounded. Gudin was carried in chains to New Grleans, and placed in the city dungeon, but the Jesuits claimed jurisdiction over him, and, despite the governor's protest, sesured a decree from the king's council that sustained their pretensions. Gudin embarked for France in 173(3, and upon his arrival in Bordeaux went immediately to Rome and presented his justification to the general of the order, who only censured him. He was not allowed to return to Louisiana, but was attached to the college of the Jesuits in Naples. He published "Memoire justificatif sur ma mission parmi les Indiens Natchez et Tonicas" (Rome, 1736).
OUIMET, Gedeon, Canadian statesman, b. in
Sainte Rose, Quebec, 3 June, 1823. He was edu-
cated at St. Hyacinthe and Montreal colleges, ad-
mitted to the bar in 1844, and appointed a queen's
counsel in 1867. He entered parliament in 1857,
became a member of the executive council of his
province in 1867, attorney-general in 1867, and
premier of Quebec in 1873. He has been superintendent of public instruction since 1876, and was
commissioner from Canada to the Colonial and
Indian exhibition at London in 1886. He has been
batonnier-general of the bar of Quebec, received
the decoration of the palms from the Academy of
Paris, was named by the French government officier de l'instruction publique in 1878, and was
made a knight commander of the order of St.
Gregoire le Grand in 1886. He has received the
degree of D. C. L. from Laval and Bishop's colleges.
OUIMET, Joseph Alderic, Canadian member of parliament, b. in Sainte Rose, Quebec, 20 May, 1848. He was educated at the seminary of St. Therese de Blainville, and graduated in law at Victoria college, Cobourg, in 1869. He was admitted to the bar of Lower Canada in 1870, and appointed queen's counsel in 1880. Mr. Guiraet was first elected to the Dominion parliament in November, 1873, re-elected in 1874, 1878, 1882, and 1887, and appointed speaker of the house on 13 April of the last-named year. He is lieutenant-colonel of the 65th battalion of volunteer rifles, and commanded it in the Northwest rebellion campaign in 1885.
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OURAY, Indian chief, b. in Colorado in 1820; d. in Los Pinos agency, Col., 27 Aug., 1880. He was the chief of the Uncompahgre Utes, whose specific title is probably a corruption of the Spanish “un compadre.” Ouray was known as the “White man's friend,” and his services were almost indispensable to the government in negotiating with his tribe, who kept in good faith all treaties that were made by him. He protected their interests as far as possible, and set them the example of living in a measure a civilized life. He spoke Spanish and wrote in that language in his correspondence with the president and the Indian department. He visited Washington several times to represent the grievances of his people, and his appeals in their behalf were touching and dignified. He
