Page:Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography (1900, volume 4).djvu/658

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PACA, William, signer of the Declaration of Independence, b. in Wyehall, Harford co., Md., 31 Oct., 1740 ; d. there in 1799. He was the descend- ant of a wealthy planter on the east shore of Mary- land, in which state the -^ family had resided for several generations. He was graduated at Phila- delphia college in 1759, entered the Middle Tem- ple, London, as a student, 14 Jan., 1762, and was admitted to the bar in 1764. He opposed the operation of the stamp- act in 1765, and every succeeding measure of the British government that asserted its right to tax the colonies without their consent. He was a mem- ber of the state legisla-

ture from 1771 to 1774,

and was active in his opposition to the royal government. He was a member of the committee of correspondence in 1774, a dele- gate to congress in 1774-'9, and signed the Declara- tion of Independence. During the earlier part of Mr. Paca's congressional career he was embarrassed by the opposition of his constituents to a separation from Great Britain, and it was not till June, 1776, that the Maryland convention withdrew their re- strictions upon the votes of their delegates in con- gress. On the adoption of the constitution of Mary- land he was made state senator, and served in 1777-9. He was chief judge of the superior court of that state from 1778 till 1780, and then became chief judge of the court of appeals in prize and admiralty cases, which place he retained for two years. He was governor of Maryland in 1782-6, a delegate to the state convention that ratified the U. S. constitution in 1788, and was U. S. district judge (to which office he had been nominated by President Wash- ington) from 1789 till his death. He contributed from his private wealth to the patriot cause, and served upon many important local committees. His first wife was a daughter of Samuel Chew.

PACHECO Y OSORIO, Rodrigo (pah-tchay - co). Marquis of Cerralvo, viceroy of Mexico, b. in Spain in the last quarter of the 16th century ; d. in Valladolid about 1650. When the court at Madrid received notice of the deposition by a popular rising, on 15 Jan., 1624, of the viceroy, the Marquis de Golves, Pacheeo, possessing the full confidence of King Philip IV. and his ministers, on account of his energy, was sent out in haste, and took charge of the government, 3 Nov., 1624. He soon gained the affection of the Mexicans by his mod- eration and humanity, and took measures to protect Acapulco against the repeated attacks by Dutch fleets under Prince Nassau and Admiral Spilberg. In 1627 the city of Mexico suffered a partial inun- dation, and measures were taken to repair the dikes, but they were soon neglected, and in 1629 the river Aculhuacan burst them, and the lagoons rose, so that for more than a year there was nearly six feet of water in the streets, and nearly 30,000 natives perished. It was resolved to move the city to the hills of Tacubaya, but, on account of the expense, the project was abandoned, and in 1630 the pro- posal of Enrique Martinez {q. v.) was accepted, and the drainage-canal of Huehuetoca was begun. In 1628 the treasure fleet of thirty-one vessels, carry- ing $12,000,000 to Spain, was captured by the Dutch admiral, Piet Hein {q. r.). In 1635, as the Indians near the Rio C-rrande became troublesome again, the viceroy ordered a fort to be constructed in the province of New Leon, which was named Cerralvo, after him, and is now a thriving town. Pacheeo had repeatedly resigned on account of his health, and in September, 1635, he was relieved by the Marquis de Cadereita, and soon afterward re- turned with great riches to Spain.

PACKARD, Frederick Adolphus, author, b. in Marlborough, Mass., 25 Sept., 1794; d. in Phila- delphia, 11 NoA^, 1867. His father, the Rev. Asa Packard, a descendant of Samuel Packard, one of the founders of Bridgewater, Me., was for many years pastor of a Congregational church in Marl- borough. The son was graduated at Harvard in 1814, studied law at Northampton, Mass., and practised at Springfield, in that state, from 1817 till 1829. He edited the " Hampden Federalist "' in Springfield for ten years, and was a member of the legislature in 1828-'9. In 1829 he removed to Philadelphia, and from that time till his death he edited the publications of the American Sunday- school union, 2,000 in number, more than forty of which he wrote or compiled. In July. 1849, he was elected president of Girard college, but declined. He edited the " Sunday-School Magazine," the " Sunday-School Journal," and the " Youth's Penny Gazette," afterward known as the " Child's World," and projected the first child's paper in the United States. He prepared the society's annual re- ports, and published occasional tracts and articles on Sunday-school, educational, and other subjects. He edited eleven volumes of the " Philadelphia Journal of Prison Discipline," and contributed largely to periodicals. Among his publications are " Union Bible Dictionaiy " (Philadelphia, 1837) ; " The Teacher Taught " (1839) ; " Visit to European Hospitals " (1840) ; " Separation of Convicts " (1849) ; " The Relations of Religion to what are called Diseases of the Mind " (1850) : " The Teacher Teaching" (1851) ; " The Rock " (1861) : " The Only Alternative " (1866) ; " Life of Robert Owen " (1866) ; and " Daily Public School of the United States " (1866). He was singularly unobtrusive in his manners, and never permitted his name to appear with his writings. — His son, John Hooker, surgeon, b. in Philadelphia, Pa., 15 Aug., 1832. He was educated at the University of Pennsylvania, where he was graduated in arts in 1850, and in medicine in 1853. He was surgeon during the civil war to the Christian street and Satterlee U. S. army hospitals, consulting surgeon to the hospitals at Beverly, N. J., and Haddington, Pa., surgeon to the Episcopal hospital at Philadelphia in 1863-84, and has held a similar office in the Pennsylvania hospital since 1884. He was secretary of the College of physicians from 1862 till 1877, of which body he was chosen vice-president in 1886, and is a member of other learned bodies. He translated " Malgaigne on Fractures " (Philadelphia, 1859) ; published " Philadelphia Medical Directory " (1868, 1871. and 1873) ; and is the author of " Manual of Minor Surgery " (1863) ; " Lectures on Inflammation " (1865) ; " Handbook of Operative Surgery " (1870) ; and " Sea-Air and Sea-Bathing " (1880). He has contributed largely on medical subjects to various medical journals, to tlie '• Transactions of the Pennsylvania