state Medical Society," and to the •' Pennsylvania Hospital Reports." A paper on " Some of the Sur- geons of the Last Century," read before tlie On- tario medical association, is printed in the " Cana- dian Practitioner " (February, 1888). — Another son, Lewis Richard, educator, b. in Philadelphia, Pa., 22 Aug., 1836 ; d. in New Haven, Conn., 26 Oct., 1884, was graduated at Yale in 1854, travelled in Europe, and pursued an extended course of study at the University of Berlin, where he received the degree of Ph. D. On his return to the United States he studied theology, and in 1863 became assistant professor of the Greek language and literature in Yale college, and in 1866 professor. In 1888 lie was at Athens, Greece, in charge of the archaeological school that has been established there by the Ameri- can colleges. He wrote for periodicals and reviews, and, as a memorial of him, seven of his essays and lectures were collected and published under the title of " Studies in Greek Thought " (Boston. 1886).
PACKARD, Hezekiah, clergyman, b. in North
Bridgewater, Mass., 6 Dec, 1761 ; d. in Salem,
Mass., 22 April, 1849. He served in the Revolu-
tionary war, became a farmer, and was graduated
at Harvard in 1787. He was principal of the
grammar-school in Cambridge in 1788, was assist-
ant librarian in the college in 1789, and mathe-
matical tutor there in 1789-93. In October, 1793,
he was ordained pastor of the Unitarian church in
Chelmsford, Mass., where he remained till 1802.
He was subsequently minister at Wiscasset, Me.,
in 1803-'30, and at Middlesex Village, Mass., in
1830-'6. He originated the Bible society of Lincoln
county. Me., the Eastern evangelical society, which
existed for a few years, and was a member of tlie
board of trustees and overseers of Bowdoin college
for more than twenty years. He published " The
Christian's Manual " (1801) and numerous sermons,
including two on '• Federal Republicanism " (1799)
and two on "Infant Baptism" (1815). — His son,
Alpheus Spring, educator, b. in Chelmsford,
Mass., 23 Dec, 1798 ; d. on Squirrel island, Me., 13
July, 1884, was graduated at Bowdoin in 1816,
second in his class, and subsequently taught in
Gorham and .Hallowell until 1819, when he re-
turned to Bowdoin as tutor. In 1824 he was
elected to the chair of Latin and Greek, which he
then filled until 1865, holding also in 1842-5 that
of rhetoric and oratory. He was appointed to the
professorship of natural and revealed religion in
1864, and held that chair until his death, becoming
also in 1883 acting president of the college. His
college career of sixty-five years was longer than
that of almost any other college officer in this
country. Prof. Packard was ordained on 16 May,
1850, as a Congregational clergyman, and during
the later years of his life was college chaplain. He
was appointed librarian of Bowdoin in 1869, and
held that office during the remainder of his life.
He was an early member of the Maine historical
society, and for forty-eight years its librarian and
cabinet-keeper, and he held honorary membership
in the historical societies of London and New York,
and was a member of the American academy of
arts and sciences. In 1869 Bowdoin gave "him
the degree of D. D. His many writings include
contributions to the " North American Review,"
the " Bibliotheca Sacra," and to the " Collections
of the Maine Historical Society," and in book-
form " Works of Rev. Jesse Appleton, with a Me-
moir" (2 vols., Andover, 1836-7), and "Xeno-
phon's Memorabilia of Socrates, with English
Notes " (1839). He edited " History of Bowdoin,
with Biographical Sketches " (Boston, 1882). See
" Memorial : Alpheus Spring Packard," by George
T. Little (Brunswick, Me., 1886).— Another son,
Joseph, educator, b. in Wiscasset, Me., 23 Dec,
1812, was graduated at Bowdoin in 1831, and stud-
ied at Andover theological seminary in 1833-'4.
He was professor in Bristol college. Pa., in 1835-6,
took orders in the Protestant Episcopal church in
1836-'7, and since 1836 has been professor of bibli-
cal learning in the Episcopal theological seminary
of Virginia, near Alexandria, of which he has been
dean since 1876. The degree of D. D. was con-
ferred on him by Kenyon college. Gambler, Ohio,
in 1847. He wrote the commentary on Malachi
that appeared in the American edition of Lange's
conmientaries (New York, 1874), and was one of the
American revisers of the Old Testament in 1870-'85.
He has contributed articles to the Andover " Biblical Repository," and has published occasional sermons and addresses, including " Questions on the Gospels" (1855). — Alpheus Spring's son, Al-
pheus Spring-, naturalist, b. in Brunswick, Me., 19 Feb., 1839, was graduated at Bowdoin in 1861 and at Maine medical school in 1864. Meanwhile he was volunteer assistant in 1861-'2 on
the Maine geological survey, also studying natural history for three years under Louis Agassiz in Cambridge, part of which time he was Agassiz's assistant. In October. 1864, he was commissioned
assistant surgeon of the 1st Maine veteran volunteers, and he served with the 6th corps of the Army of the Potomac until July, 1865. During 1865 he was acting custodian and librarian of the
Boston society of natural history, after which he
joined Alpheus Hyatt. Edward S. Morse, and
Frederick W. Putnam in the establishment of the
Peabody academy of science in Salem, of which he
was one of the curators in 1868-'76, also serving as
director of its museum in 1877-'8. In the winter
of 1869-'70 he made zoological collections on the
Florida reefs and at Beaufort, N. C, and in 1871 at
Charleston, S. C, and he was state entomologist of
Massachusetts in 1871-3. Prof. Packard was one
of the instructors in the Agassiz science school
at Penikese in 1873-'4, and was connected with
the U. S. geological and geographical survey of
the territories under Ferdinand V. Ilayden in
1875-'7. Meanwhile he delivered lectures on en-
tomology at Massachusetts agricultural college
in 1869-'77, at Maine state agricultural college
in 1871, at Bowdoin in 1873, and on comparative
anatomy at Bowdoin in 1876, and he was con-
nected with the U. S. fish commission in 1871-'4.
In 1878 he was called to the chair of zoology and
geology in Brown university, which he has since
filled. He was a member of the U. S. entomologi-
cal commission during its existence in 1877-'82,
making for it in 1877-'80 extensive tours in the
western and Pacific states and the territories. His
scientific work has been principally in the direction
of entomology. In 1863 he proposed a new classi-
fication of insects, which has since been generally
adopted both in Eiirope and in this country. He
discovered the morphology and mode of develop-
ment of the ovipositor and sting of insects, the
nature of the tracheas of insects, and has studied
their external anatomy. His contributions to the
natural history of the limulus, including the devel-
opment and anatomy of the brain and nervous sys-
tem, is considered of great value. In paleontology
he has collected and described the post-pliocene
fossils of Maine and Labrador, and the merostomata
and Crustacea of the carboniferous formations of
Illinois and Pennsylvania: and shown the close re-
lationship of the trilobites to limulus. Prof. Pack-
ard's writings have contributed to the extension of
the evolution theory, and he advocates a modern
