1864); and single sermons and addresses.—Robert's son, Rossiter Worthington, mining engineer, b. in Cincinnati, Ohio, 27 April, 1840, was graduated at Brooklyn polytechnic institute in 1858, and spent three years in professional study at the Royal mining academy in Freiberg, Saxony, and at the universities of Heidelberg and Munich. On his return to the United States he entered the army as additional aide-de-camp, with the rank of captain, on 31 March, 1862, and resigned on 6 April, 1864. Subsequently he settled in New York city as a consulting engineer, with special reference to mining property and metallurgical processes. In 1868 he was appointed U. S. commissioner of mining statistics, which office he held until 1876, issuing each year “Reports on the Mineral Resources of the United States West of the Rocky Mountains” (8 vols., Washington, 1869-76), of which several were published in New York with the titles of “American Mines and Mining,” “The United States Mining Industry,” “Mines, Mills, and Furnaces,” and “Silver and Gold.” He was invited to lecture on economic geology at Lafayette in 1870, and continued so engaged until 1882. Dr. Raymond has travelled extensively throughout the mining districts of the United States in connection with his official appointments, and from his knowledge of the subject has been very largely consulted concerning the value of mines, serving also as an expert in court on these subjects. He was one of the U. S. commissioners to the World's fair in Vienna in 1873, and was appointed in 1885 New York state commissioner of electric subways for the city of Brooklyn. Dr. Raymond was one of the original members of the American institute of mining engineers, its vice-president in 1871, president in 1872-'4, and secretary in 1884-'8. In the latter capacity he has edited the annual volumes of its “Transactions” since his election. He is a member of the Society of civil engineers of France and of various other technical and scientific societies at home and abroad. In 1867 he was editor of the “American Journal of Mining,” which in 1868 became the “Engineering and Mining Journal,” of which he continues senior editor. In addition to numerous professional papers, he has published “Die Leibgarde” (Boston, 1863), being a German translation of Mrs. John C. Frémont's “Story of the Guard”; “The Children's Week” (New York, 1871); “Brave Hearts,” a novel (1873); “The Man in the Moon and other People” (1874); “The Book of Job” (1878); “The Merry-go-Round” (1880); “Camp and Cabin” (1880); “A Glossary of Mining and Metallurgical Terms” (1881); and “Memorial of Alexander L. Holley” (1883).
RAYMOND, John T., actor, b. in Buffalo,
N. Y., 5 April, 1836; d. in Evansville, Ind., 10
April, 1887. His original name was John O'Brien ;
was educated in the common schools, and made
his first appearance, 27 June, 1853, at the Roch-
ester theatre as Lopez in " The Honeymoon." In
the summer of 1857 he accompanied Edward
Sothern to Halifax, N. S., and afterward appeared
at Charleston as Asa Trenchard in " Our American
Cousin," with Sothern as Lord Dundreary. He
went to England in 1867, and on 1 July he ap-
peared in London at the Haymarket theatre as
Asa Trenchard with Sothern, making a gre;ii suc-
cess, and afterward made a tour of the British
provincial theatres in company with Sothern. and
also acted in Paris. Returning to this country in
the autumn of 1868, he reappeared in New Ym-k,
playing Toby Twinkle in "All that (Hitters is not
Gold." A little later he went to San Francisco,
where, on 18 Jan., 1869, he made his first appear-
ance as Graves in Bulwer's comedy of " Money."
Mr. Raymond returned to New York in 1871, and
there his greatest success was achieved in 1874,
when he brought out at the Park theatre "The
Gilded Age." In this Mr. Raymond took the part
of Colonel Mulberry Sellers, which he rendered pe-
culiarly his own, and in which he delighted thou-
sands by the original character of his .humor. He
went to England on a professional engagement in
1880, but his character of Colonel Sellers did nut
prove popular and he soon returned. lie ap-
I" an 'I on the stage for the last time in Hopkins-
ville, Ky. Though Mr. Raymond's talent as a
comedian was not of the highest order, it was of
such a peculiar character as to secure him success.
Mr. Raymond's wife accompanied her husband to
Europe, and played Florence Trenchard in " Our
American Cousin " at the Theatre des Italiens,
Paris. She also accompanied him to California,
and took the role of Clara Douglas in " Money."
RAYMOND. Miner, clergyman, b. in New York
city. 29 Aug.. 1811 ; d. in Evanston, 111., 25 Nov.,
1S97. He was educated at Wesleyan academy,
where he became a teacher in 1824, and was its
principal in 1848-'64. Since 1864 he had been
professor of systematic theology in Garrett biblical
institute, Evanston, 111. He had been a member
of the annual conferences of his church for forty-
ei-lit years, and six times a delegate to the general
conference. Wesleyan university gave him the
degree of D. D., ami Northwestern university that
of LL. D. Dr. Raymond published "Systematic
Theology " (3 rols., Cincinnati, 1877).
RAYNAL, Guillaume Thomas Francois, called ABBE. French historian, b. in St. Gcniez, Rouergue, 12 April, 1713; d. in Paris, 6 March. 1Y93. He received his education in the college of
the Jesuits at Pezenas. and was ordained priest.
In 1747 he moved to Paris, and was attached to
the parish of St. Sulpice, but was dismissed for
conduct unbecoming a clergyman. He then en-
tered literary life, became an editor of the " Mer-
cure de France," and, soon acquiring fame, gained
entrance to fashionable society, where he made the
acquaintance of Diderot, d'Alembert, Rousseau,
Voltaire, and others. By their advice he under-
took the publication of a philosophical history of
the discovery and conquest of the American colo-
nies, and devoted nearly ten years to that work,
which made a great sensation, and was translated
into all European languages. It is entitled " lli>-
toire philosophique et poiltique des etablissements
et du commerce des Europeens dans les deux In-
des " (4 vols., Paris, 1770 ; revised ed., with new docu-
ments furnished by the Count d'Aranda, Spanish
secretary of state, 16 vols., Geneva, 1780-'5). Sev-
eral of the most noted authors of the time contrib-
uted to the work. Raynal's history contained virulent attacks on the Roman Catholic church, and the author was obliged to seek a refuge in Prus-ia. By order of Louis XVI. the parliament of Paris pronounced condemnation upon Raynal's history, and it was burned by the public exenit inner in the Place de Greve in 1781. Toward 1787 he obtained permission to return to France, and fixed his resi- dence in Toulon. He was elected to the states- general in 17S!I by the city of Marseilles, hut de- clined on account of his age. During the revolu- tion he lived chiefly in Montlhcn. lle-ide- thn-e already cited, Raynal's works include " Ilistoire du stathouderat " (The Hague. 174S): " Anecdotes litteraires " (> vols., Paris, 1750) : " Ilistoire du parlement d'Angleterre " (London, 1751); and " Mcnioires (H.litiques de 1'Europe (3 vols., 1754-'74). William Mazzey, Virginia, published a ivfulM in
