SALDANHA, João Carlos Oliveira. Duke de. Portuguese statesman, b. in Lisbon, 17 Nov., 1791; d. in London, England. 21 Nov., 1876. He was a grandson of the famous Marquis de Pombal, and received his education at the College of the no- bility of Lisbon and the University of Coimbra. When the royal family fled to Brazil, he remained to serve under the French, but was made a pris- oner by Wellington's forces and transported to England. In 1814 he was permitted to go to Bra- zil, where he was appointed commander of the Portuguese forces. He rendered great service in forwarding troops for the war that resulted in the possession of Uruguay. From 1818 till 1822 he was captain-general of the province of Rio Grande do Sul, and, joining the liberal movement, promul- gated the new constitution in 1821, but in 1822 he returned to Europe, as he was unwilling to serve under the regency of Dom Pedro. Upon his arrival in the capital he was appointed captain- general of Brazil and Commander-in-chief of all the forces in the country, but, having learned of the election of Dom Pedro to the empire, he refused to return to Brazil to foster a civil war. and was imprisoned for about a year. In February, 1825, King Joao VI. appointed him secretary of foreign relations, and after the death of the king he be- came, during the regency of the Infanta Isabel Maria, governor of Oporto, where he suppressed the first movements of the partisans of Dom Miguel. For a short time he was secretary of war, but, on account of disagreements with the regent, he resigned and went to London in 1827. After several unsuccessful attempts against the reaction- ary party, he took an active part in the struggle between Dom Pedro and Dom Miguel, on the side of the former, and was rewarded with the rank of field-marshal and Commander-in-chief, and hence- forth his career was a series of political intrigues and revolutions, sometimes at the head of the gov- ernment, and then again exiled, or ambassador in France and England. The last revolution in which he took part was in 1870, when he presided for a short time over the cabinet, and in February, 1871, he was sent as ambassador to London, where he died. He left memoirs in manuscript.
SALES, Francis, educator, b. in Roussillon,
France, in 1771 : d. in Cambridge. Mass., 16 Feb.,
1854. He emigrated to the United States during
one of the political convulsions of France, and was
instructor at Harvard in French and Spanish from
1816 till 1839 and afterward in Spanish alone till
the year of his death. He edited and enlarged
Augustin E. Jesse's " Grammar of the Spanish
Language" (Boston, 1822), and published critical
and "annotated editions of the Spanish dramatists,
" Don Quixote " (1836), and other Spanish classics,
the " Fables " of Fontaine, with notes, and treatises
on the French and Spanish languages.
SALES LATERRIERE, Peter de, b. in Cana-
da in 1789; d. there, ~> Dec.. 1834. He studied
medicine in London under Sir Astley Cooper, and
on his return to Quebec soon became distinguished
as a surgeon. He took part in the war of 1812 as
surgeon-in-chief of the Canadian voltigeurs. In
1814 he visited France and England, where he
married the daughter of Sir Fenwick Bulmer, in
the following year returned to Canada, and resided
in Quebec up to 1823. Here he took a prominent
part in Canadian politics, giving expression to his
views in the public journals, and denouncing the
oligarchical regime that then prevailed. In 1823
he went to England, where he published " A Po-
litical and Historical Account of Lower Canada,
with Remarks on the Present Situation of the
People" (London, 1830), which created a sensation
in Canada, and delayed the union of the provinces.
His brother, Mark Pascal, b. in Baie-du-Febvre
in 1792 ; d. in Quebec, 30 March, 1872, studied medi-
cine at the University of Pennsylvania, where he
was a pupil of Dr. Rush. He obtained his degree
in 1812, and established himself in Quebec. During
the war of 1812 he served as surgeon-general of the
militia of Lower Canada, and in 1814 retired from
his profession and took up his residence in his sei-
gneurie of Eboulements. He was elected a member
of the provincial legislature in 1824, and continued
- o take a leading part in Canadian politics. The
immense and difficult highway through the Lau- rentides, which has brought that coast into commu- nication with Quebec, is due to his enterprise.
SALINAS Y CORDOBA, Buenaventura de (sah-lee'-nas), Peruvian clergyman, b. in Lima in Dhe latter part of the 16th century ; d. in Cuernavaca, Mexico, 15 Nov., 1653. He belonged to the
Franciscan order, was sent as a commissioner to
Spain and Rome in 1637, and returned in 1646 to
Mexico as vicar -general. His works, which are
mainly devoted to the assertion of the equality
of Americans of Spanish race with native -bom
Spaniards, are "Memorial de las Ilistorias del
Nuevo Mundo del Pirii, y memorias y excelencias
dela ciudad deLima" (1630; Madrid, Ui:;in. ,-md
Memorial al Rey Nnestro Senor" (Madrid, 1645).
The latter work is not only an apology for himself
and those born of Spanish race in the Indies, but
also a strong plea for the liberty of the Indians.
SALISBURY, Edward Elbridge, philologist. b. in Boston, Mass., 6 April, 1814. He was graduated at Yale in 1832. studied theology there for three years, and in 1836-'9 prosecuted the study of oriental languages under Silvestre de Sacy. a part of whose library he brought with him to the United States, and also with Garcin de Tassy in Paris and Franz Bopp in Berlin. A professorship of Arabic and Sanskrit was created for him at Yale in 1N41. and. after spending another year in the study of Sanskrit at Bonn, he entered on the duties of his professorship with the delivery of an Inaugural Discourse on Arabic and Sanskrit Literature " (printed privately, 1843). In 1854 he gave up the chair of Sanskrit to William D. Whitney, providing the endowment and subsequently giving to the university his oriental library. He acted as professor of Arabic for two years longer, and then spent another year in Europe. He had meanwhile been elected corresponding secretary of the American oriental society, and for several years he conducted the "Journal" and labored for the prosperity of the society, of which he became, president in 1863. Prof. 'Salisbury was elected a member of the Asiatic society of Paris in 1838. and a corresponding member of the Imperial academy of sciences and belles-lettres at Constantinople in 1855, and of the German oriental society in Is.V.i. be-ides being a member of other learned societies, and was given the degree of LL. D. by Yale in 1869 and by Harvard in 1886. Besides oriental papers in the "Journal of the American Oriental Society," he has published articles in the "New Englander," and has printed privately an account of the Diodati family (New Haven, 187
