nettes, and whose portrait by Hogarth, in the style of Rembrandt, is familiar to students of that artist's works. From whom the sou gleaned his art instruction is not known, but doubtless the rudiments were instilled by his father. In 1763 he again took a first prize for his picture of Canute reproving his Courtiers." Moth of these prize pictures have been engraved. Between these two dates he had for a pupil John Hamilton Mor- timer (1741-'79), which would hardly have been the case had he been only between eighteen and twenty. Pine devoted himself to historical com- position and portraiture, but succeeded best in the latter branch of art. The most familiar por- traits of John Wilkes, whose principles he es- poused, and of David Garrick, whose friendship he possessed, are from his easel, and have been repeatedly engraved. He painted at least four different portraits of Garrick, one of which is in the National portrait gallery, London. In 1782 he held an exhibition of a collection of Shake- spearian pictures that he had painted, some of which were engraved afterward, and found their way int" Bnydell's Shakespeare. The next year, or the early part of the following one. Pine brought his family to Philadelphia. His object in coming to this country was to paint portraits of the emi- nent men of the Revolution, with a view of repre- senting in several large paintings the principal events of the war, but he never carried out his project. He brought, letters to Francis Hopkin- son. and the first portrait he is said to have painted after his arrival is the well-known one of that pa- triot. A letter from this gentleman to Washing- ton, explaining Pine's design and asking him to sit to the artist for his portrait, drew out the fa- mous "In for a penny, in for a pound" letter, dated Mt. Vernon, 16 May. 1785. Pine's likeness of Washington was engraved for Irving's "Life of Washington." but is a weak and unsatisfactory picture, as are all of Pine's portraits that were painted in this country. He was generously pat- ronized by well-known people, doubtless owing to his friendly disposition toward the land of his adoption, and Robert Morris built a house for him in Philadelphia which was adapted for the exhi- bition of his pictures and the prosecution of his painting. Here he died suddenly of apoplexy. He is described as a " very small man, morbidly irri- table. His wife and daughters were also very di- minutive they were indeed a family of pigmies." After his death his wife petitioned the legislature of Pennsylvania to be allowed to dispose of her husband's pictures by lottery, which request was granted. A large number of them fell into the possession of Daniel Bowen, who removed them to Boston, where they were destroyed in the burning of the Columbian museum. They served before their destruction to give to Washington Allston his first lessons in color Pine's strong point as an artist. He painted portraits of several of the signers of the Declaration of Independence, including the familiar ones of Robert Morris, George Read, and Thomas Stone. A beautiful portrait of Mrs. John Jay, by Pine, is in the possession of her grandson, John Jay, of New York city.
PINEDA, Juan de (pe-nay'-dah), Spanish
soldier, b. in Seville about 1520; d. in Nasea.
Peru, in 1606. He went to Peru at the time of the
war I iet ween the younger Diego de Almagro and
the royalists, and served under the orders of the
governors Cristobal Vaca de Castro and Pedro de
la Gasea. He afterward went to Chili, and, under
i larcia Hurtado de Mendoza (q. ?'.), participated in
the heroic deeds that are celebrated by Alonso de
Ercilla (?. r.) in his famous poem. In the festivi-
ties to celebrate the accession of King Philip II.
in 1558, Pineda had a quarrel with Ercilla. which
ended in a battle between their followers in a
church. They were imprisoned and condemned to
death by Mendoza. but, the whole army opposing
the sentence, it was changed, and both were exiled
to Callao. During the voyage Pineda resolved to
abandon the military career and enter the order
of San Agustin. which he did after his arrival in
Lima, 6 April, 1560. He dedicated himself to the
conversion of the Indians, and in 1571 went as
vicar to C'onchucos, where he worked for the relig-
ious instruction of the savages. He was president
of the provincial chapter in 1579, and died in the
convent of Nasca in Peru.
PINEL, Jacques (pe-nel'), French buccaneer,
b. in St. Malo in 1640; d. in Capesterre. Guade-
loupe, in 1693. He followed the sea in his youth,
but afterward joined the buccaneers in Tortuga,
and gained both fortune and reputation by daring
expeditions. In 1675, having obtained a land grant
in Guadeloupe, he built upon the seaside a fortified
castle, and excavated the harbor of Capesterre,
which he made the headquarters of his expeditions.
He was among the founders of the city of Capes-
terre, on his land, afforded aid and assistance to the
colonial authorities, and contributed much toward
developing the resources of the island. Every sum-
mer he went on marauding expeditions in the Span-
ish possessions, and amassed great riches. In 1685
he carried off from Santo Domingo a noble lady,
and, having wed her, received letters of nobility
from Louis XIV. His estate was created a mar-
quisate, and it was the only one that ever existed
in the French possessions in South America. His
descendants are among the wealthiest land-owners
of the West Indies, and, through alliance with his-
torical families, are connected with several royal
houses of Europe. " Rich as Pinel du Manoir " is
still a saying in the French West Indies, and it is
said that he never knew the number of his slaves.
PINELO, Antonio de Leon (pe-nay'-lo), Pe-
ruvian historian, b. in Cordova de Tucutnan in
1589; d. in Seville about 1675. He was educated
in the College of the Jesuits of Lima, and, going to
Spain about 1012, became attorney of the council of
the Indies, and afterward judge of the tribunal of La Contratacion in Seville, succeeding Gil Gonzalez Davila (q. v.) in 1037 in the post of historiographer of the Indies, which he held till his death. As early as 1615 he became much impressed with the necessity of collecting methodically all the decrees and ordinances that had been issued cither by the home government or by the viceroys of the American possessions. He communicated his scheme to the council, and, receiving encouragement, began his grand work. of which he published the plan in 1623: " Discurso de la importaneia, de la forma, y de la disposicion de la collection de las leye- ile Indias" (Seville, 1623). Having obtained the king's approbation and authority to search the archives of Madrid and Simancas, and even a special royal order for having copies made from all document's in the offices of the stale secretaries of Mexico, Lima, and < hiito, he was enabled to proceed more speedily with his work, and published an abridged first part. "Sumario de la recopil. i >n general " (Seville, 1634). By incessant labor Pinelo had completed the work in 1045. but its publication was deferred till 1680, when Vicente Gonzaga published it under the title "Recopilacion general de las leyes de las Indias " (4 vols.. Madrid, 1680). Pinelo's other works arc " Kpitome de la Bibliotrra oriental y occidental, nuutica. y geografica " (Mad-
