SHORT, Charles, educator. b. in Haverhill, Mass., 28 May, 1821 : d. in New York city, 24 Dec., 1886. He was graduated at Harvard in 1846. From 1847 till 1863 he was classical instructor in Roxbury and Philadelphia, and in the latter year he became president of Kenyon college, Ohio, and professor of moral and intellectual philosophy. In 1868 he was called as professor of Latin to Columbia col- lege, where he remained until his death. In 1S71 Dr. Short was appointed a member of the Ameri- can committee for the revision of the New Testa- mrnt. and subsequently he was secretary of that body. "Dr. Short," says the Rev. Talbot W. Chambers. " was remarkable as a painstaking scholar, who would have contributed more to clas- sica'l literature but for his reluctance to let any- thing pass from his pen till he had exhausted his ,-ibility upon it." He was a member of many learned societies, to which he contributed papers of much originality. He was also a member of the Century club, and a vestryman in St. Thomas's church, New York city, where a tablet has been erected to his memory. He received the degree of LL. D. from Kenyon college in 1868. His works include revisions of Schmitz and Zumpt's "Ad- vanced Latin Exercises " (1860). and Mitchell's new " Ancient Geography " : translations from the Ger- man for Herzog's "Real Encyclopiedia" (I860): the essay -On the Order of Words in Attie-Uivek Prose," prefixed to Yonge's "English-Greek Lexi- con," the most exhaustive treatise that has yet ap- peared on the subject (1870) ; and, with Charlton T. Lewis, a new edition of Andivws's Freund's " Latin Lexicon " (1876). He was also a contribu- tor to various reviews.
SHORT, Charles Wilkins. botanist, b. in
Woodford county, Ky., 6 Oct., 1794: d. in Louis-
ville. Ky.. 7 March, 1863. He was graduated at
Transylvania university in 1810. and at the medi-
cal department of the University of Pennsylvania
in 1S15, and in 1825 was called to the chair of ma-
teria medica and medical botany in Transylvania
university. In 1838 he removed to Louisville. Ky..
where he was associated with Dr. Charles Caldwell,
Dr. Lunsford P. Yandell, Dr. John Esten C'ooke.
and Dr. Daniel Drake in founding the medical
department of the University of Louisville, and
continued to hold a chair in that institution until
1849, when he retired. He then devoted himself
to the collection of plants and flowers, and, with
Dr. Robert Peter, and Henry A. Griswold, prepared
" Plants of Kentucky." Dr. Short was one of the
editors of the " Transylvania Journal of Medicine "
in 182s-'3!), and the author of various botanical
notices. At his death his vast herbarium, the re-
sult of his life-long collections and exchanges, was
bequeathed to the Smithsonian institution. It is
now in the possession of the Academy of nntiiral
seiences in Philadelphia.
SHORT, William, diplomatist, b. in Spring
Garden, Va., 30 Sept., 1759; d. in Philadelphia,
Pa., 5 Dec., 1849. He was educated at William
and Mary college, and at an early age was chosen
a member of the executive council of Virginia.
When Thomas Jefferson was appointed minister
to France in 1785, Short accompanied him as
secretary of legation, and after his departure was
made charge d'affaires on 26 Sept., 1789, his com-
mission being the first one that was signed by I Jen.
Washington as president, but he was not regularly
commissioned till 20 April, 1790. He was tran~-
fcrred to the Hague as minister-resident on 16
Jan., 17!i-. <>n in Dei', of the same year he left
for Madrid, having been appointed on IS Man h
imissioner plenipotentiary with William Car-
michael to treat with the Spanish government con-
cerning the Florida and Mississippi boundaries,
the navigation of the Mississippi, commercial
privileges, and other open questions. When Car-
michael. who was charge d'affaires, left for home
Short was commissioned as minister-resident, 28
May, 1794, with power, as sole commissioner, to
conclude the negotiations, which resulted in the
treaty of friendship, commerce, and boundaries
that was signed on 27 Oct., 1795. He left for
Paris three days later, and returned to the United
States soon afterward. His state papers, especially
those relating to the Spanish negotiations, are
marked by ability and research.
SHORTALL, John George, humanitarian. 1>.
in Dublin, Ireland, 20 Sept., 1838. He came to
the United Slates with his parents when he was
alniiit >ix year- of age, and from his thirteenth till
his sixteenth year was in the employ of Horace
Greeley in the New York " Tribune " office. After
working a few weeks on the Chicago " Tribune "
he entered upon the business of making record- of
abstracts of title to lands in Cook county, 111. His
records were so complete and reliable that, with
those of other firms, they formed a sufficient basis
to e-talili-h tit les of the real estate in Cook county
after the destruction of most of the county records
in the great fire of 1871. Mr. Shortall did great
service in the collection and preservation of his
valuable abstracts of title. His services and ma-
terial aid in efforts for the elevation of humanity
and the prevention of cruelty to animals have
made his name revered as one who had done and
is doing for Chicago in the way of reform what
Henry Bergh and George T. Angell have done for
New York and Boston. He is president of the
Illinois humane society, and is associated with the
National and State humane associations.
SHORTER, James Alexander, A. M. E.
bishop, b. in Washington, D. C., 4 Feb., 1817. He
is of African descent. After entering the itinerant
ministry of the African Methodist Episcopal church
in April, 1846, he held a pastorate in Cincinnati.
Ohio, in 1863, and organized the women of his
church into bands for the relief of the freedmen
that Hocked thither. He was elected bishop in
1868, and sent more fully to organize the church
in the extreme southwest, Arkansas. Louisiana,
and Texas. He was one of the delegates to the
Methodist ecumenical council in London, Eng-
land, in 1881, and continued his travels into France
and Switzerland. As president of the missionary
society of his church, he has succeeded in opening
the work in Hayti and Africa, whither mi--ionarics
have been sent.
SHORTER. John Gill, governor of Alabama,
b. in Jasper county, Ga., in 1818; d. inEufalau, Ala..
29 May, 1872. He was graduated at the Univer.-ity
of Georgia in 1837, and soon afterward began the
practice of law in Eufaula, Ala. In 1842 he was ap-
pointed state's attorney, and he subsequently was
a member of both branches of the legislature, lie
was appointed circuit judge in 1852, and continued
in this office for nine years. At the beginning of
the civil war he was appointed commissioner from
Alabama to Georgia, and in ISIil he was a member
of the provisional Confederate congress. In t lie
same year lie was elected governor of the state,
serving till isii:',. He was an active member of
the Baptist denomination.
SHOUP, Francis Asbury, soldier, b. in Laurel, [nd.,22 Mareli. |s:U: d. in Columbia, Tenn.. 1 Sept., 1896. He was graduated at the I'. S. military academy in 1S55. and assigned to the artillery, but resigned, 10 Jan., 1860. He was admitted to the bar at
