although it is probable that the Egyptian obscurantism did rather tend to hinder the steady development of the sounder tradition derived from Galen and the Greek physicians.
We are thus able to understand that "Muslim theology, philosophy, and science put forth their first luxurant shoots on a soil which was saturated with Hellenistic culture." (Nicholson: Mystics of Islam. London. 1914. p. 9.) The passage of Hellenism took place through five channels:—
(i) The Nestorians who hold the first place as the earliest teachers of the Muslims and the most important transmittors of medicine.
(ii) The Jacobites or Monophysites who were the chief influences in introducing neo-Platonic speculations and mysticism.
(iii) The Zoroastrians of Persia and especially the school of Junde-Shapur, although this had a strong Nestorian element.
(iv) The Pagans of Harran who came forward at a later stage.
(v) The Jews who, in this connection, occupy a somewhat peculiar position: they had no contact with the tradition of Aristotelian philosophy, their academies at Sora and Pumbaditha were concerned with their own traditional law and Bible exegesis only. Jewish philosophical studies began later and were themselves derived from the Arabic philosophers. But they shared with the Nestorians an inclination towards medical studies so that Jewish physicians
