triumphs[1].
As of Ariminum.
Its first appearance in Italian art is upon the As of Ariminum, out of which town the Galli Senones chased the Etruscans B.C. 376, and established themselves in the locality. One hundred and six years afterwards the Romans sent a colony to this city[2] for the Senones joined the great league of Central Italy against Rome, and were defeated at the battle of Sentini B.C. 295. The torques is here also of funicular type, placed round the neck of the moustached Gaulish hero, whose head forms the obverse of the As grave of this town, and as the monetary issue probably took place soon after the occupation of the Gauls, as stated by Lenormant, we have here the actual torques of the fourth century before our æra[3]. It is as will be seen funicular, but it is not evident either from the plates of Tessieri, or from the specimens I have examined, how it was attached, as it does not appear open in front. In B.C. 361, on the march of the Gauls to the Anio, T. Manlius Torquatus took as the spoil of the Gaul he had killed in single combat, the gold torques which adorned the neck of his prostrate enemy[4]
Denarius of the Manlia Family.
This torques is represented placed on the obverse of a denarius[5] of the Manila family struck by L. Torquatus A.V.C. 691-707, and is funicular, terminating in bulbs at the ends. The torques was always retained as the badge of the Manlia family; it occurs on the denarii of D. Silanus, possibly the consul A.V.C. 675; he was a descendant of D. Junius Silanus who was disinherited by Manlius Torquatus[6], and subsequently adopted into the Julian family. Also on the denarius of L. Sylla, minted
- ↑ Valer. Max. iii. c. ii, s. 26. ibid. iv. 8 c. 1. Plin. viii. c. 27. Aul. Gell. xi. c. 11, &c. Dion. Hal. viii. 10. Solin. Polyhist. c. Fulgent. de prise. Sermon. Cicero. Fin. 11. 22. Offic. iii. 31. Gell. ix. Ammian. Marcell. p. 226—228. ed. Merceri.
- ↑ Maichi et Tessieri Aes Grave. Classe iv. tav. I.
- ↑ Lenormant, Revue Numismatique. 1844.
- ↑ Liv. vii. c. 10.
- ↑ Morell. Thes. Num. p. 200. the horseman on the reverse is supposed to be Manlius Torquatus himself; ibid. This torques was taken from the family by Caligula. Sueton. Vit. Calig. c. 35. For this object being sold, cf. Plin. xxxiii. 1. Flor. I. c. 13.
- ↑ Morell. Thes. Num. II. p. 222. tab. I. vi.
