1868.] Practical Carpentry and Joinery. 319 set, according to the size of the window, and the space allotted in the jamb, for so great a number of shutters, so obtrusive and cumbrous, as seldom to give satis- faction. This plan should never be adopted, except as a last resort. Still another method has been prac-« tised, namely, hanging the shutters with weights, cords and pulleys, in a similar manner to sash, except that it is neces- sary to have the former out of sight. This can be readily accomplished, by running each section down, behind the panel-back, or wainscot, into a box, formed to receive them. They must necessarily be cut at the meeting-rail of the sash ; and work side by side. In cases of this kind, the inside window-sills are hung, with hinges, to the fascise be- neath them ; and lift up perpendicularly, exposing the opening of the box ; the shutters will then be, by this means, shoved down ; and the sills closed in place, concealing them ; and, at the same time, forming a proper finish, with the shutter, either open, or closed. The design for the Bay-Window, which forms the subject of this description, and the accompanying Plate, is one of rather a novel construction, possessing some advantages over the ordinary mode, the credit of which, we are happy to say, belongs to Joseph S. Keen, Esq., formerly a practical carpenter of this city, a gentleman many years retired from active business, but who still takes a deep and lively interest in its progress. He commenced the practical portion of his career in the workshop of his father — for a long period well known and respected as a Philadelphia builder — where, by patient and untiring industry and indomitable energy, he acquired more than ordinary skill, intelligence and reputation, as a scientific mechanic. Gifted with knowledge in his vocation, he, at an early age, abandoned the pur- suit of the art, and followed a profession more congenial to his taste. Still, he has ever kept apace with the onward march of science ; and feels no greater pleasure, than in being able to impart for the benefit of his brother-mechanics, any idea or conception that from time to time suggests itself to his practised mind. A good man needs no higher motive, than the gratification of feeling, that he can, in any way, be of service to his fellow-workers, who have not been, perhaps, so favored by nature, or by op- portunities, as he himself. And no one appreciates a scientific and skilful work- man more than he who has, himself, spent all his earlier days in working in- dustriously at the same branch, ever looking hopefully forward to the reward of years of labor, which attained, in his riper age, he is ever ready to respect and assist those, who are still struggling on towards the goal, which he himself has reached. The illustration exhibits a Bay-Win- dow, such as can be constructed, either of stone or of wood. The piers are light, with a slender column, at each angle, and an architrave around the window, in each section. The cornice is finished with a dental course, and a bracket on each angle, above the cap of the column. The roof is covered with tin, having raised ribs on all the seams. The base, as high as the water-table, should invariably be of stone. Brick may, however, be used, as high as the bed of the table-course, which usually varies from eight inches to one foot in height on the face. Cellar windows, with iron guards, are placed in each section as indicated. The plan of this window differs, as we have before said, from the mode of con- struction in general use, being one in which Venetian blinds are required, and arranged upon the outside of the sash. The representation we give, shows the entire window, with the blinds only in the centre opening, as they would ap- pear closed. They are made of the usual thickness ; and the full width of the sash — two sections in height, with a mullion in the centre, representing pairs, as usually made, when hung with
