320 Sloan's Architectural Review and Builders' Journal. [Nov., hinges. They are hung by weights and cords, with pulley styles, similar to the sash ; the upper one, on the outside, and the bottom one, on the opposite, or inside, with a simple parting-strip such as is generally employed for sash. This parting-strip, between the shutters and the sash, should not be less than one and a-half inch thick, to give space for holts, rods, &c. The head, in this case, is circular ; the slats within the circle being always stationary ; and the pivots and rods only extending to the spring of the arch. The pulley-style for the bottom shutter, or blind, must continue up to the crown of the arch-head, with a groove so formed, that the same can be raised up to its full height ; and clear the lower sash. By means of this arrangement, the blinds can never be put out of sight ; but from their easy and simple manage- ment, there would seem to be no neces- sity for exposing the entire surface of the glass at one time. There is no ob- struction to the free passage of the air ; and very- little, indeed, to the light ; while, on the other hand, the sun can be entirely excluded from the apartment at pleasure ; at least as readily, as with an inside shade. Compared to all previous existing forms, this mode of finish is certainly the most desirable, so far as real comfort is to be considered, from its extreme simplicity of construction, and the accompanying ease of manage- ment by the occupants of the room. Details of Bay-Window. We will now proceed to describe the attached Plate of Details, drawn to a large scale, and designed to explain the construction more clearly. A is the plan of one angle of the win- dow, showing the four boxes for the sash and shutter weights, the inside archi- trave, and the plan of the exterior finish. B is the vertical section, exhibit- ing a portion of the wall of the cellar, the cellar windows, and the flooring joists, as bridged. The joists of the second floor, the supporting lintel across the alcove, a section of the arch and the corbel that supports it, the ceiling joists, and the rafters, with the curve of the roof and the cornice are also shown. C is the cornice-bracket, and the cap of the column, on a large scale. D the face of the cap and the cornice. E the cellar wall, on a large scale. F the stud, beneath the window sill. Q the sill, as it bears on the wall. H the supporting- piece, beneath the window-sill. I the sub-sill. J the jamb and the panel-back of the window. K the exterior panel, below the sill. L the window-sill. M the sash and pulley-style. N the pulley- style for the outside blinds. The whole of the above details have been drawn to such a scale, that any ordinary mechanic can comprehend, with readiness, exactly the manner in which it is designed to construct the several parts, so as to form the whole. PICTURES The great aim with every individual, in viewing any natural or artificial object, should be to see a picture. This, comparatively, few people ever do. They observe with great facility and exactness, the various matters in sight, and all of them at an instant; but simply as a number of detached things. In consequence, they never really enjoy, either nature, or her pictured similitudes in a thorough manner. Only the one, who can see a picture, can draw a picture. The principles of pictorial presentation depend upon the proper representation of outlines on a plane surface, named linear perspective ; upon the management of distance by the gradual attenuation of tints, suggesting the presence of atmosphere, termed atrial perspective ; and upon the disposition of light and shade, called effect
