CAERACCI— CASTAGNO. 41 ing, and even composition may be reduced to rules, but invention, ex- pression, sentiment, to be genuine must proceed from individual percep- tion. The masters they particularly held up as models were, Raphael, Mi- chelangelo, Titian, Correggio, Tibaldi, Primaticcio, Parmigiano, and Niccolo dell' Abate. Works. Bologna Academy, the Transfiguration; the Calling of St. Matthew ; the Virgin enthroned ; and ten other pictures in oil: cathedral, Annunioation (fresco). London, Nation- al Gallery, Susannah and the Elders.* BeWisi enumerated 78 pictures by Lodovico in Bologna, and 75 else- where in 1825, besides 58 others lost or dispersed. (Malveuia, Belvifi.) OABBIERA, BosALBA, b. at Venice, 1675, d, 1757. Venetian School. A pupil of Gio A. Lazari, of Diamantini, and Balestra. She painted miniatures ; but devoted herself chiefly to drawing in crayons (or Pastell-painting), in which she was very successful in por- traits, and gained a European reputa- tion. There are many examples of her pastell drawings in the gallery at Dresden. {ZanetH.) CARBUCCI. [PONTOBMO.] CASENTINO, Jacopo di, pamted 1351, <;. 1380. Tuscan School. Pupil of Taddeo Gaddi; he painted in tiie style of his own time, when he was considered a good fresco-painter: he was also an architect, and one of the founders of the Florentine Academy. At Florence, in the church of Or San Michele, are traces of his works ; also at Arezzo in the cathedral, and in San Bartolomeo. (Vasari.) GASOLANl, Alessandbo, h. at Siena, 1552, d, Jan. 20, 1606. Sienese School. A pupil of Salembeni and Honcalli. Works, Siena, Ghiesa del Carmine, the Martyrdom of St Bartholomew. {BaUUmteci,) CASSANA, NiccoLO, called Nicoo- letto, b, at Venice, 1659, d. in London, ] 714. Son and pupil of Giovanni Fran- cesco Gassana. He imitated the works of Strozzi, and painted portraits with great success. One of his historical works, the Conspiracy of Catiline, is in the Gallery of Florence, where he painted for some years in the service of the Grand Duke Ferdinand. He painted also several portraits in Eng- land, where he was court-painter to Queen Anne. {Batti.) CASTAGNO, Andrea del, some- times called the Infamous, b, at Cas- tagno, in Mugello, about 1406, d. about 1480. Tuscan School. He was the con- temporary of Masaccio ; but inferior to him, though a good painter for his time ; and is most remarkable as being the first Florentine who attempted the new method of oil-painting, a secret which he learnt of Domenico Vene* ziano, engaged with Castagno in Santa Maria Nuova. Some works on the walls of the Portinari chapel, by these two painters, long since perished, are the first oil pictures of this class known to have been executed in Italy : and Va- sari relates that when Andrea succeeded in getting his secret from Domenico, he assassinated him, about the year 1463. Up to that time Andrea had painted in distemper, and the pictures by him preserved in the Florentine Academy are in this method : he must have been upwards of fifty years of age be- fore he commenced oil painting. This painter is sometimes called Andrea degli Impiccati, from the pictures of the Pazzi, and other conspirators con- cerned in the death of Juliano de Medici, whom he represented in 1478 hanging, with their heads downwards, on the facade of the palace of the Po- desta : it was considered Andrea's best work, but it has long since perished. Works. Florence, at the Monasteries degli Angeli, and San Giuliano ; and at
