Contents. XXlll PAGK Opposition of the Communes of Flanders and Brabant .... 425 Courtray, 1302. Roosebeke, 1382. Philip the Good .... 420 Subjection of Bruges, 1438. Subjection of Ghent, 1453. Causes of the communal decline 427 Craft organisation. Mutual jealousy of towns 428 Industrial and commercial decline in the fifteenth century . . . 429 The nobles. The Court. Manners and character of the nobles. The duke and the clergy .......... 430 The lawyers. Judicial reforms. The Estates under Philip and Charles . 431 Military reforms 432 Painting under the Burguudian dukes. Literature. Historians and chroniclers. Chambers of Rhetoric 433 Religious movements. Ruysbroeck. Fraterhuis of Deventer . . . 434 Brethren of the Common Life. Windesein Congregations. Transcription of MSS. Hegius at Deventer. His pupils 435 Sintius. Agricola. Influence of the Brethren. University of Lonvain . 436 Religious thinkers. John Wessel. Action of Louis XI after the death of Charles the Bold, 1477 437 Plans of conquest. The Estates at Ghent. The Great Privilege . .438 Provincial charters. Resistance to France. Mary and her counsellors . 439 French intrigues in Flanders . . . . . . . . 440 Hugonet and Himbercourt arrested and executed. Suitors for Mary's hand 441 Maximilian. His marriage with Mary. Maximilian in the Netherlands . 442 Difficulties of Maximilian .......... 443 Death of Mary, 1482. Faction feuds. The question of the Regency . 444 Peace of Arras, 1482. Campaign in Utrecht, 1483. Death of Louis . 445 Maximilian and the Flemings. French intervention. Submission of Bruges and Ghent 446 Maximilian as King of the Romans. Fresh agitation .... 447 Bruges and Ghent take up arms. Maximilian a prisoner at Bruges. His release. Philip of Cleves heads the opposition .... 448 Maximilian leaves for Austria. Albert of Saxony, governor. Successes. Further troubles at Bruges and Ghent . . . . . . 449 Philip of Cleves finally submits. The Breton marriage, 1490. Charles of Egmond claims Gelderland 450 Prolonged struggle. The Peace of Senlis, 1493. Maximilian in the Netherlands, 1494 451 Disputes with England. The Intercursus Magnus, 1496 .... 452 Relations of Philip and Maximilian. Albert of Saxony in Friesland. Friesland finally subdued. Marriage of Philip and Juana, 1496 . 453 Philip negotiates with France, in opposition to Max. Foreign policy of Philip. His death, 1506 454 Margaret regent of the Netherlands, 1507-15. Her experience. Her policy ............. 455 Relations to Maximilian. Opposition between his interests and those of the Netherlands 456 Failure of Margaret's policy. Charles takes up the reins, 1515 . . 457 Cost of the Austrian rule. Impoverishment of the country, 1494-1514 . 458 Relations to the Empire. Decline of Flemish trade. Rise of Antwerp . 459 Stagnation of intellectual life in the Netherlands before the Reformation. Premonitions of the Reformation. Erasmus and the Renaissance . 460 His relations to the Reformation . - .., ... . . . . . 461-2
