RAFFEIX
RAGUSA rector (1397). He made his last journey to Rome somewhat prior to that date. In 1398 he returned to Tongres, where he resumed his duties as dean. Here he occupied himself, as during his first stay, with firm and enlightened zeal in the maintenance of discipline during the period disturbed by the beginning of the Great Schism of the West. He exerted himself especially for the reform of the liturgy. He was the friend, protector, and guide of the new institutions of Windersheim and Corsendoncli. Several of his works date from this period, while his liturgical writings were chiefly composed during his second stay at Rome. He was buried in the cloisters of the church of Ste- Marie at Tongres. Radulph wrote a great deal. Besides some works on grammar, mention must be made of his chronicle of the bishops of LiSge published by Chapeaville (3 vols., Liege, 1612-16) and his liturgical works. The last-named are the most important and the best of his writings, espe- cially for the his- tory of the Breviary and the Mass. Here he displays a great spirit of piety, show- ing at the same time much critical ability, learning, and. wide reading. He is de- cidedly in favour of maintaining ancient Roman liturgical cus- toms and rejects re- cent modifications. Among his writings (many still unedited) especially notable are: "Liber de ca- nonum observantia ' ' (e d . H i 1 1 h o r p , Cologne, 1508, and in " Maxima Patrum Bibliotheca", Lyons, vol. XXVI, 289); "Calendarius eccle- siasticus Generalis" (Louvain, 1508); "De psalterio observando" and "Liber de Officiis ecclesiasticis", the last two unpub- lished. Bala IT. Sources de I'histoire de LAhge (Brussela. 1903) ; Batiffol, Histoire du Briviaire (Paris, 1911); Foppens. Bibliotheca belgica (Brusaels, 1739); Mohlberg. Radulph de Riw (Louvain. 1911). J. DE GhELLINCK. Rafieix, Pierre, missionary, b. at Clermont, 1633; d. at Quebec, 1724. He entered the Society of Jesus in 1653, and came to Canada in 1663. In 1668 he established near Montreal a settlement for con- verted Iroquois (now Caughnawaga). In 1671 he re- The Cathedral, Ragusa Ragueneau, Paul, Jesuit missionary, b. in Paris, 18 March, 1608; d. 8 Sept., 1680. He entered the society in 1626. In 1636 he went to Quebec, and was soon sent to the Hurons with Le Moyne, Duperon, Jogues, and Gamier, to labour under Br^beuf during the long and painful period preceding the conversion of that nation. He was one of the heroic band who, in 1637, being exposed to death at every moment, signed and sent to their superior as their last will a joint act of resignation to martyrdom. In 1645 Ragueneau was superior of the Huron mission which counted eighteen workers. He possessed a perfect mastery of the language. The death of the martyr Jogues was the signal for many conversions, and Ragueneau writes with admiration of the fervour of his neophytes. Five of his fellow-missionaries won the martyr's crown in different posts under Rague- neau's direction, the first being Father Daniel (4 July, 1648). He remained at his post at St. Mary's on the Wye until persuaded by the Huron cap- tains to join the fugi- tives on St. Joseph's island (1649). The notable increase in the number of con- versions (3000 In- dians being baptized in 1649) rewarded his zeal. After a bloody defeat, fol- lowed by the mas- sacre of Fathers Chabanel and Gar- nier, Ragueneau, yielding to the en- treaties of the few whom famine, pesti- lence, and the fury of the Iroquois had spared, led the small band of 400 surviv- ors, the remnantsof a nation of ten thou- sand, to their final refuge, Quebec, after a long and perilous journey. In 1650 he became vice- rector of the college of Quebec and superior of the Cana- dian mission. It was during this time that he directed in the ways of holiness a highly privileged soul. Sister Catherine of St-Augustine, whose life he wrote. His influence in the supreme council and with Governor de Lauzon was the occasion of his removal to Three Rivers (1656). The year following he was sent as supe- rior to the Iroquois mission. On his way to Onondaga he witnessed the butchery of his Huron companions, for which he reproved the murderers, the Senecas and Onondagas, at the peril of his own life. Informed placed Father Carheil in the Cayuga mission, and of the impending massacre of all the French in the afterwards went to the Senecas until 1680, receiving an ample share of the hardships and dangers insepa- rable from the Iroquois mission. Raffeix was a learned cartographer, as the following maps still preserved in Paris bear witness: (a) "Carte des regions les plus occidentaies du Canada", dated 1676, and bearing a legend relating to the voyageof discovery of Marquette and Joliet ; (b) " Le lac Ontario avec les pays adjacent s ct surtout les cinq nations iroquoises"; (c) "La Nou Iroquois country, Ragueneau's genius planned and re- alized their escape and return to Quebec (1658). He returned to France (1662) with Bishop Laval, and re- mained there as procurator of the mission. Besides a life of Sister Catherine of St-Augustine (Paris, 1671), Ragueneau wrote "Relations" of 1648-9,1649-50, 16.50-1, and 1651-2. No other Jesuit in Canada wrote so much as he. On one of Ins missions he saw and mentioned Niagara Falls thirty-five years before Hen- velle-France, del'OciJan au lac Eri6, et, au sud, jusqu'a nepin, the alleged discoverer, described the cataract. " " .... _ . RoPHEMONTElx, Les Jcsuitcs et la Nouvelle-F ranee (Paris, ) Campbell. Pioneer Priests of North America (New York, 1908); Parkman. The Jesuits in North America (Toronto, 1899); Thwaites. Jesuit Relations (Cleveland, 1896-1901). Lionel Lindsat. Ragusa (Epidaurds), Diocese of (Ragusina), a bishopric in Dalmatia, suffragan of Zara. The episcopate of its first bishop Fabricanus was followed la Nouvelle-Angleterre". After his return to Quebec he acted as procurator to the mission. He spent two years at Jeune-Lorette (1699-1700), shortly after the final migration of the remnants of the Huron nation. RocHEMONTElx. Les Jisuites et la Nouvelle- France (Paris, 1896); Lindsay. Notre-Dame de la Jeune-Lorette (Montreal, 1900); Campbell. Pioneer Pnests of North America (New York. 1908); Thwajteb, Jesuit Relatioru (Cleveland, 1896-1901). Lionel Lindsat.
