THIRD
643
THIRD
was reformed by V. Mussart (d. 1637), and main-
ained rlose ties with the Firsf Order (ill ils extinetion
n the Freni'li Kevoliilion. A well-known nieiiibor of
his congregation is Hyjipolit Helyol, the author of
m important history of the religious orders. In 17(iS
t had four [irovinces with 01 eonvents and 494 reli-
gious. Other congregations of Tertiaries existed
ifter the fifteenth century in Germany, Bohemia,
■lungary, Ireland, an<l England. They perished
'it her at the time of the Keforiuation or in the French
devolution. We may mention also the Obregonisins,
he "Bons-Fils" in northern France founded in 1615,
md the "Penitents gris" at Paris after the sixteenth
•entury, all now extinct. In the nineteenth century
ome new congregations arose, e. g. the Poor Brothers
>f St. Francis, the Brothers of St. Francis at Wald-
)reitbach (Rhine) after 1860, the "Frati bigi",
ounded in 18S4 at Naples by Ludovic of Casoria,
).F.M. The most of these modern tertiary eom-
nunities consist only of lay brothers and depend on
he diocesan bishop.
(3) Congregation of Sisters. — Whilst Leo X in the eform of the rule had left it free to the congregations o adopt papal enclosure or not, Pius V (1.56S) precribed it to all convents of tertiary sisters with sol- mn vows. Still this order was not carried out every- where. In this regard the custom prevailed that the •"riars Minor refused to take the direction of those onvents which had only ejiiscopal enclosure. Be- idcs those already mentioned above, we may add the litTerent offshoots of the Sisters of St. Elizabeth in Uistria, Germany, the Netherlands, and France there, under the name of Sa?urs du Refuge, some of hem still exist). The first Ursulines, also, founded ly St. Angela Merici (1540), belonged to the Third )rder.
In the nineteenth century many of the new congre-
- ations adopted the Rule of the Third Order, but most
if them have no further connexion with the First )rder. Many of them have widely varying names; , good many are of mere local character, others again ,re of international importance. As to their activi- ies, almost all dedicate themselves to works of char- ty, either in hospitals, homes, or ateliers; others work n schools, not a few are in foreign missions. We can
- ive here scarcely more than a list of the names, with
he dates of the foundation. In Germany there are he Poor Sisters of St. Francis, founded 1845 (1851) (y M. Schervier at Aachen, with some houses in America; the Franciscan Sisters of the Holy Family, ounded in 1857 at Eupen, Diocese of Cologne; the "■ranciscan Sisters, at Miinster, Westphalia, founded n 18.50; the Poor Franciscan Sisters of the Perpetual adoration, at Olpe, Diocese of Paderborn (1857); the 'oor Franciscan Sisters of the Sacred Hearts of Jesus nd Man,', at Salzkotten, near Paderborn (1863); the listers of Mercy of the Third Order, at Thuine, Dio- ese of Osnabriick (1869); the Sisters of Mercy of St. ■"rancis, at Waldbreitbach, Diocese of Trier (1863); he Franciscan Sisters at Nonnenwerth, an island on he Rhine, founded in 1872 at Heythuizen in Holland; "ranciscan Sisters of Maria-Stern, at Aug.sburg, I'hose first foundation can be followed back to the hirteenth century; F'ranciscan Sisters at Dillingen, Diocese of Augsburg, founded in the fourteenth cen- ury; the Poor Franciscan Sisters, at Mallersdorf, Diocese of Ratisbon (1855); the Congregation of Urs- )erg (1897); the Franciscan Sisters of Kaufbeuren, Diocese of Augsburg, founded in the fifteenth een- urj', to which had belonged Blessed Crescent ia Hess 1744). In the Diocese of Rottenburg, in Wiirtem- >erg, we note the communities of Bonlanden near •>olzheim (1855); of Heiligenbronn (1857); of the Sisters of Christian Charity, at Rente, founded 1849 t the same place where in the fifteenth century iles.sed I^lizabeth of Rente, called al.so the "good Jeta" (d. 1420), had professed the Third Order; the
Franciscan Sisters of Siissen (1853). In Baden is
noteworthy the (Congregation of Gengenbach (1867),
since 1876 also in the I'nited States, Joliet, llhnois.
At Mainz there is the Convent of Perpetual Adoration
(1860).
In Austria-Hiingary the School Sisters of the Third Order (1723), with mother-houses at Hallein, Diocese of Salzburg, at Vienna (III), and at Judenau, Diocese of St. Polten; the Sisters of the Third Order of St. Francis at Vienna (V), (1857); the Poor School Sis- ters at Voklabruck, Diocese of Linz (1850) ; the Sisters of Mercy of the Third Order of St. Francis at Troppau, Diocese of Olmiitz (1853); Congregation of School Sisters of the Third Order of St. FYancis, at Mahrisch- Triibau, Diocese of Olmiitz (1851); the School Sisters of the Third Order of St. Francis at Marburg on the Drau, Diocese of Lavant (1864); the Grey Sisters of the Third Order of St. Francis, at Prague (I), 1856; and three small communities in Tyrol. In Luxem- burg there is the Congregation of Pfaffontal; the Sis- ters of Mercy of St. Francis with the mother-house in the town of Luxemburg, and communities in Sweden and the Carolines. In Holland there are the Congre- gations of Rosendaal, of Breda, of Heythuizen, all of which have communities in foreign missions; lastly the Congregation of Heerlen. In Belgium there exist, besides the old congi-egat ion of the Grej' Sisters of Hospitals (see above) at Antwerp, Ldau, Tirlemont, Hasselt, and Tongres, the more recent communities of Ghent (founded 1701), of H^rines, Diocese of Malines, of Macon-lez-Chimay, of Opwyk, Diocese of Mahnes (1845). In Switzerland there once existed many congregations of the Third Order, and even now there are several convents of strict enclosure. Of the active congregations the most noteworthy are the two founded by the Capuchin Theodosius Florentini, viz. the Sisters of the Holy Cross for schools, with mother-house at Menzingen (1844), with numerous convents outside Switzerland, and the Sisters of the Holy Cross for hospital work (1852), with mother- house at Ingenbohl.
In France, before the la-st suppression of convents, there were about fifty commimities of the Third Order; the most important was that of the Mission- aries of Mary, founded by Mother de Chapotin de Neuville (d. 1904) in India, with actual mother- house at Rome, with communities spread all over the w^orld. In Italy there are the Stigmatins, founded near Florence by Mother Lajjini (d. 1860); the Sisters of Egypt, for missionary work, with mother- house at Rome; the Sisters of Gemona; finally, the Sisters of the Child Jesus, with mother-hou.se at Assisi. On the whole, the sisters professing the Rule of the Third Order amount at least to 50,000.
The Regular Third Order produced one saint, Hyacintha of Mariscotti, and five Blessed: Lucia of Callagirone, Elizabeth of Rente, Angelina of Marscionio, Jeremias Lambertenghi and Crescent ia Hoss of Kaufbeuren.
Text of the Rule: Rule of 1221, Sabatier. Regula aniiqua frntrum et sororum de Ptenitentia (Paris, 1901), iu Opuscules de critique hiatoriquc, I (Pari.s, 1903), 1-30; Boehmer, Analekten zur Geschichte dcs Franciscus von Assisi (Tubingen and Leipzig, 1904), 73-82; tr. Adderley a.nd Mason, Third Orders. A Iranslaliun of an ancient Rule of the Tertiaries together with an account of some modern Third Orders (Oxford and London, 1902), 11-23.
Rule of 1289: Seraphica: Legislalionis teilus originales (Qua- raorhi, 1S97), 77-94; Sbaraoua. Bullarium Franciscanum. IV (Rome, 1768), 94-97; Wadding. Annates Minorum. II (2nd ed., Rome, 1732). 9-14; de Gubernatis, Orbts Seraphicus. II (Lyons, ir,S.5), 784-87; tr. aoeording to the text of Wadding: Works of the seraphic Father St. Francis of Assisi (London, 1882), 80-91.
Rule of Leo X of 1521; Seraph. Legist, textus orig.. 287-97; Regola del Terz. Ordine di S. Francesco approvata da Leone X (Quaraeehi. 1889), with Latin, Italian, French, and English text in four columns.
Rule of Leo XIII, 1883: Fernandez Garcia, fiS.D.N. Leonia PP. XIII Acta ad Terlium Franciscalcm Ordinem spectantia (Quaraeehi, 1901), 72-87.
(In the origin of the Third Order: Muli.eb, Die AnfSnge det Minoritenordens und der liussbrudrrsehaflen (Freibiirg im Br., 188.')) ; Idem, Zur aeschichtf dcs Bussbrtidcrordens in Zeilschrifl fUr Kirchengeschichle. XXIII (Golha, 1902). 49(>-524; Ma
