GREGORY
787
GREGORY
Of the writings commonly attributed to Gregory
the following are now admitted as genuine on all
hands: " Moralium Libri XXXV" ; " Regute Pastoralis
Liber"; "Dialogorum Libri IV"; "Homiliarum in
Ezechioleni Prophetam Libri II"; "Homiliarum in
Evangelia Libri II"; "Epistolarum Libri XIV". The
following are almost certainly spurious: "In Librum
Primiuii Regum Variarum Expositionum Libri VI";
"Expositio super Cantica Canticorum"; "Expositio
in VII Psalmos Poenitentiales"; "Concordia Quorun-
dam Testimoniorum S. Scripture". Besides the
above there are attributed to Gregory certain litur-
gical hymns, the Gregorian Sacramentary, and the
Antiphonary. (See Antiphonaky; Sacramentary.)
Works of Gregory; complete or partial editions; trans-
lations, recensions, etc. — "Opera S. Gregorii Magni"
(Editio princeps, Paris, 1518); ed. P. Tossianensis
(G vols., Rome, 1588-93) ; ed. P. Goussainville (3 vols.,
Paris, 1675); ed. Cong. S. Mauri (Sainte-Marthe) (4
vols., Paris, 1705); the last-named re-edited with
additions by J. B. Gallicioli (17 vols., Venice, 1768-
76) and repVinted in Migne, P. L., LXXV-LXXIX.
"Epistote", ed. P. Ewald and L. M. Hartmann in
"Mon. Germ. Hist.: Epist.", I, II (Beriin, 1891-99);
this is the authoritative edition of the text of the
Epistles (all references given above are to this edition) ;
Jaffe, " Regesta Pont if." (2nd ed., Rome, 1885), 1, 143-
219; II, 738; Turchi, "S. Greg. M. Epp. Selects;"
(Rome, 1907); P. Ewald, "Studien zur Ausgabe des
Registers Gregors I." in " Neues Archiv", III, 433-625;
L. M. Hartmann in "Neues Archiv", XV, 411, 529;
XVII, 193; Th. Mommsen in "Neues Archiv", XVII,
189; English translation: J. Barmby, "Selected
Epistles" in "Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers", 2nd
Series, XII, XIII (Oxford and New York, 1895, 1898).
" Regula Pastoralis Cura;", ed. E. W. Westhoff (Miin-
ster, 1860); ed. H. Hurter, S. J., in "SS. Patr. Opu.sc.
Select.", XX; ed. A. M. Micheletti (Tournai, 1904);
ed. B. Sauter (Freiburg, 1904); English translations:
"King Alfred's West Saxon Version of Gregory's
Pastoral Care", ed. H. Sweet (London, 1871); "The
Book of Pastoral Care" (tr. J. Barmby) in "Nicene
and Post-Nicene Fathers", 2nd Series, XII (Oxford and
New York, 1895). "Dialogorum Libri IV": very
many editions of the whole work have appeared . and
also of Bk. II, "Of the Life and Miracles of St. Bene-
dict", separately; an old English translation has been
reprinted by H. Coleridge, S. J. (London, 1874); L.
Wiese, "Die Sprache der Dialoge" (Halle, 1900); H.
Delehaye, "S. Gr^goire le Grand dans I'hagiographie
Grecque" in "Analecta Bolland." (1904), 449-54;
B. Sauter, "Der heilige Vater Benediktus nach St.
Gregor dem Cirossen" (Freiburg, 1904). "Horn. XL
in Evangelia", ed. H. Hurter in "S.S. Patrum Opusc.
Select.", series II, Tom. VI (Innsbruck, 1892). G.
Pfeilschifter, "Die authentische Ausgabe derEvange-
lienhomilienGregorsderGr." (Munich, 1900). "Magna
Moralia", Eng. tr. in "Library of the Fathers" (4
vols., O.xford, 1844); Prunner, "Gnade und Sunde
nach Gregors expositio in Job" (Eichstatt, 1855).
Chief Sources. — First of all come the writings of Gregory liiniself, of which a full account is given above, the most impor- tant from a biographical point of view being the fourteen booi^a of his Letters and the four books of Dialogues, The other early authorities are St. Gregory of Tours (d. 594 or 595), Ilisloria Francorum, Bk. X, and the Liber Poiitificalis, both practically contemporary. To the seventh century belong St. Isidore of Seville. De Viris lllustribus. XL, and St. Ildephonsus of Toledo. De Viris lllustribus, I. Next come the Vita Antiqids- sima, by an anonymous monk of Whitby, written probably about 713, and of special interest as representing an essentially English tradition in regard to the saint; the Ven. Bede. Hist. £ccte., II, whose work was finished in 731: Paul the Deacon, who compiled a short Vita Gregorii Magni between 770 and 780, which may be supplemented from the same writer's more fa- mous work Historia Langobardorum: lastly John the Deacon, who. at the request of John VIII (872-882), produced his Vila Gregorii in answer to the complaint that no history of the saint had yet been produced in Rome. Besides these direct authori- ties considerable light on the period of St. Gregory's life may be gathered from the works of various contemporary chroniclers and historians.
Works on Gregory.— (1) General. — Gregort of Todrs,
Historia Francorum, X, i, in P. L,, LXXI; the best edition of
this is by Arndt and Krusch in Mon. Gtrm, Hist.: ticrijyt,
Hcnnn Meroving., I; Liber Pontificatis, ed. Duchesne (Paris,
1881), 1.312; Isidore OF Seville, Dc Vir. lUustr.. Xl,in P. L.,
LXXXIII; Ildefonsus of Toledo, De Vir. Itlustr., I, ibid.,
XCVII; Vila B. Papa: Gregorii M. (MS. Gallen.. 567), written
by a monk of Whitby, ed. Gasquet (Westminster, 1904.): see
also on same work Ewald, Die alteste Biographie Gregors I in
Historische Aufsdtze dem Andenken an G. Waitz gewidmet (Han-
over, 1886), 17-54; Ven. Bede, Hist. Eccles., 1, xxiii-xxxiii;
II, i-iii; V, xxv; in P, L., XCV; Paul the Deacon, Vila
Gregorii M. in P. L., LXXV; Idei^. De Gestis Longobard., Ill,
24; IV, 5; in P. L.. XCV; John the Deacon, Vita Gregorii M.,
ibid., hX^V ; .Ac/a^'ib'., 12 March; Van den Zype, ,S'. Gre^ortus
Magnus (Ypres, 1610); Sainte-Marthe, Histoire de S. Greg-
aire (Kouen, 1677); Maimboorg, Histoire du pontifical de S.
Gn'goire (Paris, 16S7); BoNUCCi, Isloria del B. Gregorio (Rome,
1711); Wietrowsky, Hist, de gestis pra-cipru. in intnlificatu S.
Gregorii M. (Prague, 1726-30); Pozzo, //,.,;„ ./,//., nla di S.
Gregorio M. (Rome, 1758); Marggraf, />- (in^/mii I. Al.Vifa
(Berlin, 1844); B^anchi-Giovini, Ponli}i<iitn dt N. Gregorio
(Milan, 1844); Lau, Greeor /.<(«- Grosse (Leipzig, 1845); Pfah-
ler, Gregor der Grosse (Frankfort, 1852); Luzarche, Vie du
Pape Gregoire le Grand (Tours, 1857); Romalte, Vie de S.
Gregoire (Limoges, 1862); Pagnon, Gregoire le Grand et son
cpoque (Rouen, 1869); Belmonte, Gregorio M. e it suo tempo
(Florence, 1871); Bohringer, Die Voter des Papsttums. Leo I
und Gregor 1 (Stuttgart, 1879); Maggio, Prolegomeni alia
storia di Gregorio il Grande (Prato, 1879); Barmby, Gregory the
Great (London, 1879; reissue, 1892); C^lausier, S. Gregoire
(Paris, 1886); Bousmann. Gregor I. der Grosse (Paderborn,
1890); Wolfsgruber, Gregor der Grosse (Saulgau, 1890);
Snow, St. Gregory, his Work and his Spirit (London, 1892);
Grisar, Roma alia fine del Tnondo antico (Rome, 1899), Pt. Ill;
Idem, San Gregorio Magna (Rome, 1904); Dudden, Gregory the
Great, his Place in History and in Thought (2 vols., London,
1905); Capello, Gregorio I e il suo pontificato (Saluzzo, 1904);
Ceillier, Histoire general des auteurs ecclesiastiques, XI. 429-
587; }>hl.UAN, History of Latin Christianity, Bk. Ill, v'u; MoN-
TALE.MBERT, Monks of the Wcst, tr. Bk. v; Gregorovius, Rome
in the Middle Ages, tr., II, 16-103; Hodgkin, Italy and her Inva-
ders, V, vii-i.x; G.\tt.4, XJn parallelo storico (Marco Aurelio, Gre-
gorio Magna) (Milan, 1901); Mann, Lives of the Popes in the
Early Middle Ages (London, 1902), I, 1-250.
(2) Special. — (a) The Patrimony. — Orsi. Delia origine del do- minio temporalc e della sovranita del Rom. Pontif. (2nd ed., Rome, 1754); Borgia, htoria del dominio temporale della Sede Apos- tolicanelledueSicilie (Rome, 17S9): MvzZATiEl.l.1, Dominio tem- porale del Papa (Rome, l7S^J};SvGENHEiu,Gesch.derEntstehung vnd Ausbildung des Kirchenstaates (Leipzig, 1854); Scharpff, Die Entstehung des Kirchenstaates (Freiburg im Br., 1860); Grisar, Ein Rundgang durch die Patrimonien des hi. Stuhls i. J, 600. in Ztilsrhr. Kath. Theol., I. 321; Schwarzlose, Die Patri- nn'nnn -/ ,. // K. (Berlin, 1887); Mommsen. Die Bewirtschaf- /i, /\ > ntiider unter Papst Gregor I. \n Zeitsch. f. Social-
- / 1, ' ' i/'sch.,l, 43; TyoiZE, Deux etudes sur I'adminis-
In,' ! / .' ,'.//,• du Pape Gregoire le Grand (Paris, 1904). (b) Primacy ami Relations with other Churches, — Pfaff, Disserta- tio de titulo Patriarcha (Ecumenici (Tubingen, 1735); Ortlikb. Es.^ai sur le systeme eccles. de Gregoire le Grand (Strasburg, 1S72); PiNGAUD. La politigue de S. Gregoire (Paris, 1872); LoHENZ, Papstwahl und Kaiscrtum (Berlin. 1874), 23; Crivel- Luccl, Storia delta relazioni tra lo Stalo e la Chiesa (Bologna, 1SS5), II, 301: (Torres, Papst Gregor der Grosse und Kaiser Phocas in Zeitsrhr. fxir wissenschajtliche Theol., XLIV, 592-602.
(c) Relations with Lombards and Franks. — Bernardi, I Longo- bardi e S. Gregorio M. (Milan, 1843); Troya, Storia d' Italia del medio evo, IV: Codice diplomatico tongobardo dal 568 at 774 (Naples, 1852); Diehl, Etudes sur V administration bysantine dans I'Exarchal de Ravenne (Paris, 1888); Hartmann, Vnters. z. Gesch. d. byzant. Verwaltung in Italien (Leipzig. 1889); Lampe, Qui fuerint Gregorii M. p. temporibus in imperii byzan- tini parte Occident, exarchi (Berlin, 1892); Perry, The Franks (Lull. lull l^.'Ti; Keli-ett. Pope Gregory the Great and his Re- l„l,nn,< u-tll, <i«ul iCiiinl.ri.Ur-, 1SS9); Grisar, Rom. u. d. frank- i.-^rli, Knrl,.' mm, lu„l ,rh im II Jahr. in Zeitsckr. kath. Theol., U.
(d) M')n:i~i iri-m ariii Missiiinarv Work. — Marillon, Dissertatio dcmonni- -' Hi.n.'ni Papa: (Paris, 1676); Butler, Was St. Alt,} u ! ' ' nry a Benedictine f in Downside Review, Ili, 4.'>l I" ^\\WTzyi.KCHF.Yi, Die Bedeulung Benedikts von Nur.-,,' "','1 "" ' i,Vel in der Gesch. des MOnchtums (Berlin, 1892): CuTTs. .\}i,jits(ine of Canterbury (London, 1895); Gray, The Origin and Early History of Christianity in Britain (London, 1897); Bright, Chapters on Early English Church History (Ox- ford, 1897); Benedetti. S. Gregorio Magno e la schiavitu (Rome, 1904). (e) Writings.- — Alzoq, Lehrb. der Patrologie (Freiliurg im Br., 1876); Harnack, Lehrb, der Dogmenges- chichte. Ill (Freiburg im Br., 1890); Loops, Leits. zum Studium der Dogmengeschichte (Halle. 1893); Seebero, Lehrb. der Dog- mengeschichte, II (Leipzig. IS9S); Bardenhewer, Palrology, tr. Shahan (Freiburg im Br., 1908).
G. Roger Hudleston.
Gregory II, Saint, Pope (715-731), perhaps the greatest of the great popes who occupied the chair of Peter during the eighth century, a Romati, son of Marcellus and Honesta. To his contemporaries in the West he was known as Ciregory Junior or the Younger;
