KAUFMANN
610
KAUFMANN
and singing, and some of her father's friends strongly mation, chiefly because the drawing leaves too much
urged her to give up painting, but in vain. This to be desired.
pittrice^
episode in her life she has represented in a picture,
showing herself, between Painting and Music, bidding
farewell to Music. Nevertheless, while cultivating the
latter muse less ardently than the other, she was still a
clever musician. Italy again attracted her; after vis-
its to Parma and Florence, successively, she arrived,
in 176.3, at Rome, where she attended Winckelmann's
courses in perspective. On a visit to Venice she made
the acquaintance of some English noblemen, and a re-
sult of this meeting was her decision to take up resi-
dence in London (1766). Reynolds, whose portrait
she executed, accorded her a most flattering reception,
and conceived for her a passion to which she could
never give any encouragement. Among the pictures painters, Andreas and Karl Miiller. At Bonn he studied which she painted in England we may mention " The jurisprudence, languages, and history; in 1S44 he was
Gherardo de Rossi, Vita di Angelica Kauffm
(Florence, ISIO); Konynenburg, Kunstverdiensten van An-
gelica Katiffmann en Raphael (Amsterdam, 1810); de Waili.v,
Anielica Kauffmann (2 vols., Paris, 18;i8); Wesselt in Kunst
und KiinKllcr des Millelollers und der Ncuzeit (Leipzig, 1876).
Gaston Sortais.
Kaufmann, Alexander, poet and folklorist, born at Bonn, 14 May, 1817; died at Wertheim, 1 May, 1S9.3. He came of a well-known patrician family, whose members were prominent during the eighteenth century, some being in the city regiment of Bonn and others in the service of the former Elector of Cologne. Kaufmann was related to the two historical
Mother of the Gracchi ", " The
Sacrifice of Me.ssalina", the
" Meeting of Edgar and El-
frida", and Cupid and
Psyche". She also engraved
many of her works. Her van-
ity made her the victim of a
cruel deception: she allowed
herself to be captivated by
the engaging manners of a
stranger who represented him-
self to be Count Frederick de
Horn, and married him (1767).
When the imposture was dis-
covered, a separation followed
(1768). The talent of Angelica
Kauffmann, suggestive of the
Reynolds manner, was highly
appreciated in England. The
Royal Academy of London
elected her as one of its original
members. Gessner and Klop-
stock sang of her, and the
latter, in recognition, received
a sentimental picture. The
pretended Count de Horn hav-
ing died in 1781, Angelica was
free to contract a second mar-
riage; she married the Vene-
tian painter, Antonio Zucchi,
and they determined to return
to Italy. After a sojourn at Venice, during which An- of the above, b. 1.3 March, 1821; d. 27 I>b., 1S9S. gelica painted " Leonardo da Vinci dying in the arms of With his brother Alexander, he attended the gram- Francis I ", they visited Naples and then went to Rome mar school of his native city, and in the autumn to establish themselves permanently. There she of 1840, through Ernst Moritz Arndt, who had shortly opened a salon, where G. de Rossi andSeroux d'Agin- before been reinstated in his professorship, Kaufmann
Angelica Kauf
By herself, Berlin Museum
appointed teacher of Prince
Karl von Lowenstein-Wert-
heim-Rosenberg, who. in 1850,
made him keeper of the ar-
chives at Wertheim, which post
he retained until his <leath.
He published "Gedi elite"
(1852), "Mainsagen" (1853),
and " Unter den Reben"
(1871). His original research
for Karl Simrock's legends of
the Rhine, and his own legends
of the Main are very valuable.
He collaborated with the
highly imaginative poet Georg
Friedrich Daumer in " Mytho-
terpe, ein Mythen-, Sagen- und
Legendenbuch " ; did critical
research work on "Cirsarius
von Heistcrliach"(18.'>0.1862) ;
and translated " Wunderbare
Geschichten aus den Werken
des Cresarius von Heisterljach' '
(1888-01). His posthumous
■• Biographic des belgischen
Doiniiiikaners Thomas von
Chant impre" was published
in 1890.
Leopold Kaufmann, Chief Burgomaster of Bonn, brother
court, the latter then engaged on his " Histoire de
I'art par les monuments", were frequently to be seen.
Goethe, when he visited Rome, was also received in her
salon, and speaks of it in the account of his journey.
She painted for the Emperor Joseph II, who was then
travelling in Italy, the " Return of Arminius victorious
over the legions of Varus " and " jEneas celebrating the
was matriculated as student of law at the University
of Bonn. Together with his scientific studies he culti-
vated an intelligent love of mu.sic and singing; held
inspiring intercourse with such composers as Felix
Mendelsstjhn, Barthokly, and I'ranz Liszt, with poets
hke Gottfried Kinkel, and with his future wife Johanna,
L'e Mockel; and with these artistic friends he founded
Funeral Rites of Pallas". In the last years of her life a poetical society called the "Maikaferbund". On
she was sorely tried by reverses of fortune and by the occasion of the first Beethoven festi\'al and of the
the death of her husband (1795). "The poverty does unveiling of the Beethoven Monument, in the summer
not terrify me", she confided to an intimate friend, of 1845, Kaufmann founded the still extant male
"but the loneliness kills me." She languished for some choral society of Bonn, the "Concordia". When the
twelve years. The academicians of St. Luke assisted revolutionary disturbances broke out in May, 1S48,
at her obsequies in the church of S. Andrea delle FVate, and many of the burgomasters in the Rhenish prov-
where she was buried. It was chiefly as a portrait- inces voluntarily gave up their positions, he was
Eainter that Angelica Kauffmann was distinguished; appointed first government referendary of the burgo-
er light touch is not wanting in grace, nor her colour- master administrator at Ilnkel on the Rhine, ami one
ing in brilliancy. In this genre, the portrait of the year later d<>|nity landrath or president of the District
Duchess of Brunswick, sister of George III, is consid- of Zell cm t lie Moselle. In October, 1S,-)(1, he was elected
ered her mastcrpii-ce. Her portrait of lier.>ielf is to be Burgomaster of Bonn, which at that time contauied
seen in the Berlin M\i.seum. Her historical pictures are
altogi4her inferior; the scntimenlalism of the period
in which she lived corilribulcd to their vogue, and they
have since declined coiisitleral)ly in the general esti-
18,000 inhaliitants, and assmiicd ollice in the following
May. In 1859 he received the title of chief burgo-
master. Among the important enterprises which he
planned for the welfare of the city, and which he cor-
