MAHDJUm 5S7 ICAMDSTILLE
Bolina, d. 7 Deo., 1S37; Joseph Andr£ Borer, Bishop traveller. Prince Maximilian, and the artist Catlin,
of Myrina, coadjutor to Hgr Ouboil, d. 8 Ibrcb, 1SS7; both of whom, like Levis and dark, have much to an
ArjBtide Louis Hippolyte Raguit, Bishop of Trajanop- of their peculiar ceremonies, manly character atra
oUs, d. 17 May, 1889; Laurent Guillon, Biehop of friendly aispoeition. In 1837-8 a great epidemic (^
Eiunenia, d. 2 July, 1900. By Decree of 10 May, 1898, smallpox which swept the whole northern plains al-
Manchuna was divided into two vicariates Apostolic; most exterminated the tribe, leavinK alive only about
Northern Manchuria and Southern Manchuria, which 130 out of 1600 souls. A few vears later (1S45-1S58)
Mgr Guillon retained. The present vicars Apostolic the survivors followed the Hioatso up to a new utua-
are Pierre Marie Lalouyer, Bishop of Raphanea, for tjon about the former Fort Berthold, where a reserva-
Northem Manchuria (1898), residing at Kirin, and tion was later established for the three tribes. The
Marie Felix Choulet, Bishop of ZeU, for Southern Mandannownumberabout 260, the Arikara 405, aral
Manchuria (1901), residing at Mukden. This mission the Hidatsa 460, a total of about 1125, as compared
suffered dreadfully during the Boxer rebellion: not with perhapa 9000 about 1780. Excepting for some
only missi<Hiaries like Emonet were massacred, but trouble wiui the Arikara in 1823. all three tribes have
Bisnop Guillon himself was burnt to death at Mukden, maintained friendly terms with the whites. Southern Manchuria (Mukden) includes 32 European With the possible exception of the priests who ac-
and 8 native priests, 23,354 Christians, and 8406 companied La Verendrve, the first regular mission
cateobumens; 4 churches and 86 chapels; 32 schools teacher amon^ the Manoan and associated tribes was
for boys and 31 for girls; IJ orphanages; 15 sisters Father Francis Craft, best known for his work among
of Providence of Portieux and 30 native sisters, the Sioux, who with the help of some of his Sioux
Northern Manchuria (Kirin) includes 25 European Indiansisterhoodibeean what is now the Sacred Heart
and 8 native priests, 19,350 Christians; 21 churches mission, at Elbowoods, McLean Co., N. D., on the east
and 66 chapels; 74 schools for boys and 49 for girls; side of the Missouri and within the reservation, whii^
9 orphanages; 35 native sisters of the Immaculate claimsnowover 500 communicanta in the three tribes,
Heart of Mary and 135 native sisters. served by a secular priest. Plane are completed for ft
Henri Cordier. Benedictine mission house to be in operation before
Handeans. See Nasorbanb.
the close of 1910. The Mandan and associated tribo«
e equestrian in habit and depended about equolljr
' ' " '" ' e fields m
Handan Indiana — A formerly important, but now on hunting and agriculture, cultivating large >i<^itu> »>
reduced, tribe occupying jointly with the Hidatsa com. beans, pumpkins, and sunflowers (for the edible
(Minitari or Grosventre) and Ankara (Ree) the Fort seeda),whichthey tradedto the Plains tribes forhorses
Berthold reservation, on both sides of the Miaaouri, and buJTalo robes. According to Maxmilian the Man-
near its conjunction with the Knife River, North Da- dan were vigorous, well made, rather above medium.
kots. The Mazidan and Hidatsa are of Siouan hnguia^ stature, many of them being broad-shouldered and
tic stock, the latter speaking the same language as the muscular. They paid the greatest attention to their
Crows. The Mandan call themselves Numaflkaki, headdress. Tattooing was practised to a limited ex-
"people", the name by which they are commonly tent, mostly on the left breast and arm, with black
known — Mawatani in the Sioux form — being said to parallel stnpes and a few other figures. Some of the
be of Cree origin. According to the Mandan genesis women were robust and rather tall, though usually
myththeyoriginallylivedunderground.bcsideasubter- they where short and broad-shouldered, and were
ranean lake. Some of the more adventurous climbed adept potters. Their houses were large circular
up to the surface by means of a grapevine and were communal structures of stout logs covered witjl
delighted with the sight of the earth, which they earth, and their villages were sometimes palisaded.
found covered with buffalo and rich wiw every kind They had the same organization of military societies
of fruits;retumingwith thegrapestheyhadgsthered. common to the Plains tribes generally. Polyramy
their countrvmen were so pleased with the taste id was common. Besides the Sun ana the Biwalo,
them that trie whole nation resolved to leave their they Invoked a number of supernatural personages,
dull residence for the charms of the upper region; among whom was the "Old Woman who Nev«r
men, women, and children ascended by means of the Dies' , who presided over the fields and harvests,
vine; but when about half the nation had r^ched and in whose honour they performed ritual danOM
the surface, the vine broke, and the light of the and sacrifices at planting and gathering. The^
sun was lost to the remainder. When the Mandan had numerous shrines ana sacred places, and their
die they expect to return to the original seats of their great palladium was a sacred "ark", which WU
forefathers, the good reaching the ancient village by connected with theif genesis myth, and which i ~~
the wicked will not enable them to cross. It is poa- ceremony of the SunOance — descrit)ed by Catlin under
sible that the tradition regarding the " ground-house" the name of Okeepa — exceeded that of sJl other tribe*
Indians who once lived in that section and dwelt in in the extent of narbaroua self-torture practised t^
- ular earth lodges, partly undergroimd, applies to the participants. Sketches of the language are given
this tribe. Their traditional migration was up the by Hayden and Maxirnitiun. 0k-c also .Sicux.) Missouri, and the remains of their former viUsftne Catum. .VortA Am. /nrfi, (Np* York. ifnH: liif«. Otwjw. a can be traced as lar down as White Klver, 8. U. rm-mMBOBmof /-ui.^jToir.,.A™i«.iBfp(..<WMluiwU>n);Doa: The earliest white explorer to visit them was the iii.y,3iaityol8iauanCuliii,inlliMii:Bi..Bjir,Eihi^liv»(WaA- French La Verendrye in 1738, but their villaaes inaion. i&«; HATDD^EitaM.r™imwom,o/i»./nd. TH6f» were even then the trading rendeivous and taul "d^,oi^'l/'rS'^^^m^lT\sk-5yM^iSk^ centreforall the tribes of the upper Missouri. About Hidain /ndiowr (Wuhinctno, 1S7T)' Maxiuiuu^, Prince <w
"- """ -■-— '-"' "-— ' "- — ' Wieu, rrawl- (Cobleni. 1830-111; Eng. tr. (London, 1843)!
Ciraclor. Bur, Calh. Ind. Miitiont, Annual RfporU (Wiuhiiic- tonl. Mabobi, DicouverUi. eto., VI (Paris. iSftfll (U Veraa- dryeropoti). James Moo.'^EV.
numU'I^"h^"a^u't3'60o'souta?'""B^^t^^^ Mwdthim. See HoLT Wmk; Maunbt Thubs-
and the visit of the American explorers, Lewis and "*•
Clark, who wintered among them in 1804-4, they had UanderiUa (Maumdeviixb, Hontevilla), Jean
been reduced by smallpox (1 780-2) and wars wioi the de, author of a book of travels much read in the Hid-
Sioux to about 1200 souls in two villages on opposite die Ages, d. probably in 1372. The writer describea
sides of the Missouri, below Knife river. Here they himself as an English knight bom at St. Albans. In
were visited between 1832 and 1837 by the German 1322, oa the feast of St. Michael, he set out on a joup-
