Nanaimo, Vancouver Island locality 3,000
Fort Langley, Eraser River locality 4,000
Fort Simpson, N. W. Coast locality 10,000
Kamloops, Upper Columbia, B. C, locality 2,000
Total 33,400
In a population of this size there must have been five or six thousand fighting men. But there was no organization, no co-operation, and scarcely sympathy of one tribe with another. One tribe might rally a few hundred at one time for a single battle to rob a party of white men or attack a ship. Their weakness was pitiful. And so the white traders and trappers ranged the vast country over with scarcely a noticeable resistenee; the massacre of the Smith party on the Umpqua and of the crew of the Tonquin at Clayoquot being the only example of concerted action of the natives to destroy the white men. And after the Indian had learned the use of firearms, combinations of tribes to resist the aggression of the white man was formed, as in the case of the Rogue River Indian war, the Yakima war, and the memorable resistenee of Chief Joseph in his effort to retain the ancient home of his family in the Wallowa Valley. (An account of the In- dian wars will be given in the order of time of occurrence in another chapter.)
Probably the most effective agency to get access to the Indian mind, and to unify their relations to the white settlers and promote trade, peace and good fellowship with all the tribes was the invention and construction of the "Jar- gon" or "Chinook" language. Of all the spoken languages in America or in the world the "Jargon" is the most unique. Its origin is not definitely known. When Lewis and Clark reached the mouth of the Columbia river in 1805, they found the "Jargon" in use among the Indians at that point. It is supposed to have been originated by the first voyagers to the Oregon coast in search of furs, and was added to from time to time by Indians, travelers and fur traders. It contains some real Indian words of the Wasco tribe, and some corrupted French and English words, but most of it is pure fiction. Some of the words have gone into general use among the pioneer Oregonians and have got into good company" with people who prefer forcible languages, for instance the word "cultus" mean- ing utterly worthless, irreclaimably bad.
Below is given samples of the language, with definitions from Gill's standard dictionary of the "Jargon."
CHINOOK JARGON
Conversational Phrases
English Chinook
Good morning Klahowya, six ?
Good evening or
Good day Klahowyam.
How do you do ?
Come here Chahco yahwa.
How are you? Kahta mika?
