CAMBBIDGE 301 CAMDEN massive stone court house of Middlesex CO. The first printing office in the United States was located in Cambridge, and the "Bay Psalm-Book," published by Stephen Day and printed in 1640, was the first book from this press. For historical and literary associations, Cambridge is one of the most famous cities in the United States. The venerable Washington elm, under which Washington took command of the American Army, July 3, 1775, stands at the corner of Mason and Gar- den streets. "Craigie House," built by Col. John Vassall, in 1759, was Washing- ton's headquarters in 1775-1776, and afterward became the home of the poet Henry W. Longfellow until his death. On Elm avenue is "Elmwood," the birthplace and home of James Russell Lowell, who lived here 1819-1891. A part of this place has been bought by public sub- scription, to be preserved as a public park. This city has been the home of such distinguished men as Oliver Wen- dell Holmes, William Henry Channing, Margaret Fuller Ossoli, Col. Thomas Wentworth Higginson, Louis Agassiz, John Fiske, and Charles Eliot Norton. The fine city hall and land for a park was the gift of a former citizen, Fred- erick H. Rindge, who also presented the city with a public library, an institution now called the Rindge Manual Training School, and other benefactions which amounted to more than $1,000,000. The beautiful Mount Auburn Cemetery is partly in Cambridge and partly in Wa- tertown. Pop. (1910) 104,839; (1920) 109,694. See Harvard University. CAMBRIDGE, a city of Ohio, the county-seat of Guernsey co. It is on the Baltimore and Ohio and the Pennsylvania railroads. It is the center of an impor- tant mining region and is the shipping point for coal and oil. It has tin-plate mills, an earthenware plant, glove fac- tories, and other industries; the division shops of the Pennsylvania railroad; a public library, hospital, and other public buildings. Pop. (1910) 11,327; (1920) 13,104. CAMBRIDGE, a borough and county- seat of Cambridgeshire, England, and seat of one of the most noted of English universities; on the Cam river; 48 miles N. by E. of London. The greater part of this town is embosomed in the foliage of the gardens of its numerous colleges. The streets are mostly narrow and irreg- ular, houses ancient, and the place is well lighted, paved, and sewered. Of the fine churches here, St. Mary's, St. Sepul- chre's, and Trinity are deserving of spe- cial mention. Cambridge derives a con- siderable trade from the agricultural 20— Vol. products of the surrounding country ; but its chief prosperity is derived from its university. Pop. about 42,000. CAMBRIDGESHIRE, a county of England in the inland division. It has an area of about 860 square miles, of which the greater part is meadow and pasture land. The chief rivers are the Ouse, Cam, the Nene, and the Lark. The county-town is Cambridge. Pop. about 200,000. CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY, a cele- brated seat of learning and education, dating from certain public schools estab- lished in Cambridge in the 7th century. The first college was founded under royal charter in 1237. The number of colleges established are 20, viz: — Peter- house, Clare Hall, Pembroke, Caius and Gonville, Trinity Hall, Corpus Christi, King's, Queen's, St. Catharine's, Jesus, Christ's, St. John's, Magdalene, Trinity, Emmanuel, Sidney-Sussex, Downing, and Selwyn. Newnham and Girton Col- leges are exclusively for women. The university statutes were confirmed by Victoria on July 31, 1858. Since 1881 women have been admitted on practi- cally the same terms as men. In 1920 the teaching staff numbered 150, and the undergraduates 4,360. The chancellor for 1919-1920 was A. J. Balfour. The university sends two members to Parlia- ment. CAMBYSES, (1) a Persian of noble blood, to whom King Astyages gave his daughter Mandane in marriage. Asty- ages was dethroned by Cyrus, the off- spring of this union. (2) The son of Cyrus the Great and grandson of the preceding, became, after the death of his father. King of the Persians and Medes, 529 B. c. In the fifth year of his reign he invaded Egypt, conquering the whole kingdom within six months. But his expeditions against the Ammonites and Ethiopians having failed, his violent and vindictive nature broke out in cruel treatment of his subjects, his brother Smerdis and his own wife being among his victims. He died in 521 B. C. CAMDEN, city, port of entry, and county-seat of Camden co., N. J.; on the Delaware river, opposite Philadelphia, with which it is connected by several ferries. The city is situated on a level plain and the streets cross one another at right angles. It is noted for its im- mense market gardens and manufac- tures, and is the site of several large shipbuilding concerns. Area, 5 square miles. The city has municipally owned water- works, and there are excellent gas and electric light plants and sewerage sys- II— Cyc
