CAMBON 300 CAMBBIDGE du Nord in 1882, prefect of the Rhone in 1887, Governor-General of Algeria in 1891, and Ambassador to the United States from 1897-1902. He represented Spain in drawing up the Spanish-Amer- ican protocol in 1898. In 1902 he was appointed Ambassador at Madrid, and in 1907 at Berlin. Though he had re- signed in December, 1913, he was still Ambassador at Berlin when the World War broke out. He became General Secretary to the Foreign Office in the cabinet of M. Briand. He was a dele- gate to the Peace Congress in 1919 and served subsequently on many important commissions connected with the carrying out of the treaty terms. CAMBON, PAUL, a French diplo- matist; bom in Paris, Jan, 20, 1843. He was graduated at the Ecole Polytech- nique in 1863, and, after serving as Sec- retary to Jules Ferry, became Secretary of Prefecture of the Alpes-Maritimes, Prefect of the Aube, and French Resi- dent-General in Tunis. After serving as Ambassador at Madrid and Constanti- nople, he was transferred to London in 1898. He played an important part in the formation of the Anglo-French en- tente. Although he had announced, in 1913, his intention to retire, he served at London throughout the World War. GAMBRAY, or CAMBRAI, a forti- fied city of France, in the department of Nord, capital of the arrondissement, on the Scheldt, 32 miles S. S. E. of Lille. Its fortifications were improved by Vau- ban; the town is well built, and has a magnificent parade ground. Its princi- pal public buildings are the Cathedral, the City Hall, and the Theater, and it has some good schools of art, and a pub- lic library. Cambray was formerly an archbishopric, and can boast of having had Fenelon, who died here in 1715, among its prelates. Cambray has long been famous for its manufacture of fine linens and lawns, whence all similar fabrics are called cambrics. It has also manufactures of thread, cottons, soap, leather, linens, etc. It is a very ancient city, having been an important place un- der the Romans. In 1508 the League of Cambray was concluded here. It was formed by Maximilian I. of Ger- many, Louis XII. of France, the King of Aragon, Ferdinand of Spain, and Pope Julius, against the Venetian Re- public. In 1529 peace between Francis I. and Charles V. was also concluded here. During the World War (q. v.) Cambray and the territory adjoining saw continuous and severe fighting. In November, 1917, American railway en- gineers assisted the British and Cana- dians in driving back a German surprise attack against Allied positions near Cambray. Pop. about 25,000. CAMBRIA, the ancient name of Wales, the Britannia Secunda of the Romans. The name is derived from that of Cimbri, or Cymri, by which the Welsh have always called themselves. CAMBRIAN ROCKS, in geology, an extensive series of gritstones, sand- stones, conglomerates, slates, and shalee, lying under the Lower Silurian beds, and above the Archaean, and divided into the Upper and Lower Cambrian. Many fossils occur in the series, including sponges, star-fishes, trilobites, brachio- pods, lamellibranchs, pteropods, gastero- pods, cephalopods, etc. They may be regarded as the bottom rocks of the Silurian system, and are well developed in N. Wales (hence the name), but can be recognized in many other regions. CAMBRIC, originally the name of a fine kind of linen which was manufac- tured principally at Cambrai (German Kambryk) in French Flanders, whence the name. It is now applied to a cotton fabric, which is very extensively manu- factured in imitation of the true cam- bric, and which is in reality a kind of muslin. CAMBRIDGE, a city of Maryland, the county-seat of Dorchester co. It is on the Choptank river, and on the Cam- bridge and Seaford railroad. The city is an important meat-packing center, and has manufactures of underwear and lumber. It is the center of an extensive agricultural district. Pop. (1910) 6,407; (1920) 7,467. CAMBRIDGE, a city, and one of the county-seats of Middlesex co., Mass., on the Charles river and the Fitchburg rail- road ; opposite to and connected with Bos- ton by four bridges. It was founded in 1630-1631, under the name of "Newe- Towne," or "Newtown," and did not re- ceive its present name until several years later. In 1636 the General Court appro- priated $2,000 to locate a sdhool in Old Cambridge, which later became Harvard College, now Harvard University. In 1631 Cambridge was 35 miles long and only 1 mile wide, including the townships now incorporated as Billerica, Bedford, Lexington, Arlington, Brighton, and Newton, all of these having been gradu- ally separated from it. The city was formerly divided into villages called Old Cambridge, Cambridgeport, East Cam- bridge, and North Cambridge, names which are still used. It has grown into a populous manufacturing center, where glass, furniture, organs, steam-engines, etc., are made. Here also is located thd
