G^TULIA 239 GAINES'S MILL longed to the crown of Naples till 1860. In modern times it has been repeatedly besieged; the last siege of note was in 1806, when it fell into the hands of the French. In November, 1860, it with- stood a siege of several weeks (as the last stronghold of Francis II., King of Naples, who had sought refuge within its walls) by the national troops com- manded by General Cialdini. Pop. about 6,000. G-ffiTULIA (je-tu'li-a), an ancient country of Africa situated S. of Mauri- tania and Numidia, and embracing the W. part of the Sahara. Its inhabitants belonged in all probability to the aborig- inal Berber family of north and north- western Africa; they were not in general black, though a portion of them dwelling in the extreme S., toward the Niger, had approximated to this color through inter- mixture with the natives and from cli- matic causes, and were called Melano- gsetuli, or "Black Gaetulians." The Gaetu- lians were savage and war-like, and paid great attention to the rearing of horses. They first came into collision with the Romans during the Jugurthine war, when they served as light horse in the army of the Numidian king. Cossus Lentulus broke them to Roman rule, ob- taining for his success a triumph and the surname of Gaetulicus (a. d. 6). The ancient Gaetulians are believed to be rep- resented by the modern Tuareg. GAGE. LYMAN JUDSON. an Ameri- can financier; born in De Ruyter, N. Y., June 28, 1836; removed to Rome, N. Y., in 1848, and was educated at the Rome Academy. He worked in the Oneida Central Bank from 1853 to 1855, when he went to Chicago and was employed by a planing-mill company. In 1868 he be- came cashier and in 1891 president of the First National Bank of Chicago. He was the first president of the Board of Directors of the World's Columbian Ex- position, and several times president of the American Bankers' Association and the Civic Federation of Chicago. On March 5, 1897, he was appointed Secre- tary of the Treasury by President Mc- Kinley; in 1901 was reappointed; and at the end of that year resigned. He was the originator of the Civic Reform move- ment which started in Chicago and be- came national. In 1906 he retired from public life. He died in 1920. GAGE, THOMAS, a British general; born in 1721. He fought with the British troops in America in 1755, 1758, and 1760; was commander-in-chief in North America, with headquarters at New York, in 1763-1772; was governor-in- chief and captain-general of province of Massachusetts Bay, with headquarters at Boston, in 1774; was again made com- mander-in-chief in North America in 1775, and returned to England the same year. He was promoted general in 1782. The battles of Lexington and Bunker Hill took place during his generalship. He died in April 2, 1787. GAILLAC (ga-yak') , a town in the French department of Tarn, on the river Gaillac, 32 miles by rail N. E. of Tou- louse. The Abbey Church of St. Michel dates from the 12th century. The in- habitants are engaged in wine-growing, coopering, and spinning, and trade in clover, coriander seeds, plums and wine. GAILLARD, DAVID DU BOSE, an American soldier and engineer. Born in 1859 in South Carolina, he graduated from the military academy at West Point in 1884. As a lieutenant he superin- tended harbor improvements at St. Au- gustine and Tampa, Florida. In the Spanish American War he served as a colonel and after the war closed he was chief engineer for the Santa Clara Dis- trict in Cuba, having charge of the nu- merous public improvements carried on under the auspices of the Cuban and American Governments. After a period as a member of the staff of the War College at Washington he returned to Cuba as an important officer in the American Army of pacification in 1907. A member of the Isthmian Canal Commission in 1908, his whole time and attention were devoted for years to the problem of build- ing an inter-oceanic canal. Many of the difficulties incident to the building of the Panama canal were surmounted by the aid of his genius. He died in 1913. GAILOR. THOMAS FRANK, an American Protestant Episcopal bishop, born at Jackson, Miss., in 1856. He graduated from Racine College in 1876 and afterward studied at the General Theological Seminary. He was ordained priest in 1880. From 1879 to 1893 he was connected with the University of the South as professor of history and vice-chancellor. In the latter year he was appointed coadjutor bishop and succeeded to the bishopric in 1898. He was chan- cellor and president of the board of trustees of the University of the South from 1908. His writings include "Things New and Old" (1891) ; "Christianitv and Education" (1903) ; "The Communion of Saints" (1908) ; "The Episcopal Church" (1914). GAINES'S MILL, a locality near Rich- mond, Va., noted as being the scene of many balloon ascensions during the Civil War (1861-1865). Near here occurred the battle of Cold Harbor, called also
