GAINESVILLE 240 GALATIAN battle of Gaines's. Mill, June 27, 1862, between a part of Lee's army and a part of McClellan's. Here, too, Lee repulsed Grant's assault, June 3, 1864. GAINESVILLE, a city of Florida, the county-seat of Alachua county. It is on the Seaboard Air Line, the Atlantic Coast Line, and the Tampa and Jack- sonville railroads. It is an important agricultural and stock-raising region and its industries include lumbering, phos- phate mining, wagon works, planing mills, etc. It is the seat of the Florida State University and is a popular winter resort. Pop. (1910) 6,183; (1920) 6,860. GAINESVILLE, a city of Georgia, the county-seat of Hall co. It is on the Southern, the Gainesville North- western, and the Gainesville Midland railroads. It has manufactures of cotton goods, cotton yarn, asbestos, cottonseed oil, wagons, brick works, etc. It is the seat of Brenau College and Conservatory of Music for young ladies. It also con- tains the Riverside Military Academy. Pop. (1910) 5,925; (1920) 6,272. GAIWESVILLE, a city of Texas, the county-seat of Cooke co. It is on the Trinity river and on the Gulf, Colo- rado, and Santa Fe, and the Missouri, Kansas, and Texas railroads. It is situated in an important agi'icultural and stock-raising region and its industries include iron foundries, machine shops, cottonseed oil works, flour mills, pressed brick works, etc. There are handsome public buildings, including a city hall, a city park, a library, etc. Pop. (1910) 7,624; (1920) 8,648. GAINSBOROUGH, a market town of Lincolnshire, on the right bank of the Trent, 21 miles above its embouchure in the Humber, and 16 miles by rail N. W. of Lincoln. The parish church, with the exception of a fine old tower, dating from the 12th century, was' rebuilt in 1736. The manor house, built by John of Gaunt, now forms part of the corn exchange. The grammar school was founded in 1589. The town manufactures linseed cake and oil, malt and cordage. GAINSBOROUGH, THOMAS, an Eng- lish portrait and landscape painter; bom in Sudbury, Suffolk, England, in 1727. He was sent to London at the age of 14, to study art under Gravelot, Frank Haymau; and in the St. Martin's Lane Academy. Returning to his native coun- ty about 1744, he established himself as a portrait painter at Ipswich. He was patronized by Sir Philip Thicknesse, the governor of Landguard Fort. Through the advice of his friend, he removed in 1760 to Bath. Here he won the public by his portrait of Earl Nugent; numer- ous commissions followed, and in 1761 he began to exhibit with the Society of Artists of Great Britain, a body which he continued to support till 1768, when he became a foundation member of the Royal Academy. In 1774, after a deadly quarrel with "Thicknesse, he removed to London, and there prosecuted his art with splendid success, being in por- traiture the only worthy rival of Reyn- olds, and in landscape of Wilson, Gains- borough is excellently represented in the National Gallery, London, by 14 works, including portraits of Mrs. Siddons," of "Orpin the Parish Clerk," and of "Ralph Schomberg, M. P.," and "The Market Cart," and "The Watering- Place"; in the National Portrait Gallery, London, by five works; in the Dulwich Gallery by six works, and in the National Gallery of Scotland by the portrait of the "Hon. Mrs. Graham." One of his most celebrated portraits is that of Master Jonathan Buttal, known as "The Blue Boy," in the collection of the Duke of Westminster. He died in London, Aug. 2, 1788. GALAPAGOS (ga-la'pa-gos) Spanish, "tortoises," a group of 13 islands of vol- canic origin in the North Pacific Ocean, about 600 miles W. of the coast of Ecuador, to which they belong; area, 2,950 square miles. The most important are Albemarle, 60 miles long by 15 broad, and rising 4,700 feet above the sea; Indefatigable, Chatham, Charles, James, and Narborough. Many of the fauna and flora of the islands are pecu- liar to them, the most remarkable being a large lizard and the elephant tortoise. GALASHIELS (gal-a-shelz'), the chief seat in Scotland of the Scoth tweed manufacture. It occupies 2^.^ miles of the valley of the Gala, immediately above the junction of that river with the Tweed.. 33% miles S. S. E. of Edinburgh, and 4 W. N. W. of Melrose. Its tower, de- molished about 1814, was occupied in the 15th cen^-ury by the Douglases. As early as 1581 wool was here manufactured into cloth. The town has also the largest skinnery in Scotland. Pop. about 13,000. GALATIA, in ancient geography, a country of Asia Minor, lying S. of Paph- lagonia, W. of Pontus, and N. E. of Phrygia. It was originally a part of Phrygia, but the Gauls or Celts, having invaded Asia in several bodies, con- quered and settled in this country about B. C. 241, whence the name. GALATIAN, a native, or inhabitant of Galatia. St. Paul's Epistle to the Gala- tians, a New Testament epistle, stated in ch. i: 1 to have been written by the Apostle Paul, a claim admitted by the
