G ALICIA 243 GALILEE, SEA OF industrious race. Great numbers of them annually visit central and southern Spain and Portugal, where they find em- ployment as harvesters, water carriers, porters, etc. Chief exports, live cattle, preserved meat, eggs, minerals, fish, fruits and grain; imports, coal, oil, hides, spirits, sugar, and tobacco. The principal towns are Santiago di Compostella and the two strongly fortified seaports Corufia and Ferrol. Galicia was a king- dom under the Suevi from 411 to 585, and again from 1060 to 1071, at which date it was finally incorporated with Leon and Castile. GALICIA, a former province of Aus- tria, now a part of the Republic of Poland, bounded by Russia, Bukowina, Hungary, and Moravia; area, 30,307 square miles; pop., Polish in the W., Russniak in the E. The great physical features of the country are, in a man- ner determined by the Carpathians, ■yvhich form a long and irregular curve on the S. and send out branches into Galicia. Farther to the N. the hills sub- side rapidly and finally merge into vast plains. It has several considerable rivers, those on the W. being affluents of the Vistula, those in the E. of the Danube and Dniester. The climate is severe, particularly in the S. where more than one of the Carpathian summits rise beyond the snow-line. The summers are very warm but comparatively short. The soil in general is fertile, and yields abun- dant crops of cereals, hemp, flax, tobacco, etc. The domestic animals include great numbers of horned cattle and a fine hardy breed of horses. Sheep are in gen- eral neglected; but goats, swine and poultry abound, and bee-keeping is prac- ticed on a large scale. Bears and wolves are still found in the forests; and all the lesser kinds of game are in abundance. The minerals include marble, alabaster, copper, calamine, coal, iron, and rock salt. Only the last two are of much im- portance. Rock salt is particularly abundant. The most important mines have their central locality at Wieliczka. Manufactures have not made much prog- ress. The spinning and weaving of flax and hemp prevail to a considerable ex- tent on the confines of Silesia. Distil- leries exist in every quarter. The Roman Catholics and the Greek Catholics are the chief religious bodies. The chief educa- tional establishments are the University of Lemberg and that of Cracow. The principal towns are Lemberg, the capital, and Cracow. After being the field of continuous strife between Russians, Poles, and Hun- garians, Galicia continued a Polish de- pendency from 1382 till the first parti- tion of Poland in 1772, when it was ac- quired by Austria. Galicia was one of the Cis-Leithan provinces of the Aus- trian empire, and was represented in the Reichsrath by 63 deputies, while the affairs peculiar to itself were deliberated and determined on by its own Landtag or Diet. Polish is the language of official intercourse and of higher educational in- stitutions. Galicia suffered severely in the World War, and was successively in- vaded by Russian and Austrian armies. It was awarded to Poland by the Treaty of Versailles. The capital is Lemberg. Pop. about 8,500,000. See Poland. GALIGNAISTI, JOHN ANTHONY (ga- le-nya'-ne), an English journalist; born in London, England, Oct. 13, 1796; was taken by his father to Paris in the latter part of 1798. He succeeded his father in publishing the weekly paper "Galignani's Messenger," which had become i)opular among the English residents of Paris. He remained a subject of Great Britain dur- ing his life, and was very liberal to the charitable institutions of that country. He died in Paris, Dec. 31, 1873. His brother, William, born in London, March 10, 1798, was associated with him in the management of the "Messenger," and in the building of a hospital in Neuilly for indigent English people. In his will he provided money and land for the erection in Neuilly of the Galignani Brothers' Retreat for 100 printers, book- sellers, etc., or their families. He died in Paris, Dec. 12, 1882. GALILEE, a Roman province, compre- hending all the N. of Palestine W. of the Jordan. As the term Asia began with a small patch of territory in Asia Minor, but gradually had its meaning ex- tended till it took in all the Asiatic con- tinent, so the word Galilee was first ap- plied to a fragment of the tribe of Naph- tali, constituting its N. portion (Joshua XX : 7; II Kings xv: 29). It was mostly inhabited by Gentiles (Isaiah ix: 1; I Maccab. v: 20-23). In the New Testa- ment times the word had the more ex- tended meaning, and we learn from Josephus that there were an Upper and Lower Galilee. In architecture, a porch or chapel at the entrance of a church. In the galilee were formerly deposited corpses previous to interment, and re- ligious processions were formed. The name is derived from the expression in the Bible, "Galilee of the Gentiles." GALILEE, SEA OF, called also in the New Testament Lake of Gennesaret and Sea of Tiberias, and in the old Testament Sea of Chinnereth or CiN- NEROTH, a large lake in the N. half of Palestine. Lying 626 feet below sea-level, it is 13 miles long by 6 broad, and 680 feet deep. It occupies the bottom cf a
