GASOLINE 268 GASTRITIS GASOLINE, a light grade of Petro- leum (g. v.). GASPE (gas-pa), a peninsula on the E. of Quebec province, comprising the counties of Gasp^ and Bonaventure, and projecting into the Gulf of St. Lawi'ence, between the estuary of that name on the N. and the Bay of Chaleurs on the S.; area 8,000 square miles; Pop. 64,- 000. The greater number of the popula- tion are engaged in the important fish- eries, which, with the export of lumber, formJ;he staple business of the country. Gaspe Basin, where Cartier landed in 1534, is a port of entry in Gaspe Bay, now the seat of extensive fisheries. GAS PUDDLING, in iron-works, the puddling of iron by the use of gases in- stead of solid fuel. GASQUET, CARDINAL FRANCIS AIDAN. A French prelate. He was bom in London in 1846 and was edu- cated at Downside College, Bath, be- coming after the usual course priest and member of the Benedictine order. In 1878 he was appointed superior of the Benedictine Monastery and College of St. Gregory, Downside, and in 1914 was made cardinal and intrusted by Pope Pius X. as president with overseeing the International Commission for the Re- vision of the Vulgate. For the purpose of that work he has since lived in Rome. His works include: "Edward VI. and the Book of Common Prayer"; "The Great Pestilence"; "The Old English Bible and Other Essays"; "Eve of the Reforma- iton"; "English Monastic Life"; "Parish Life in Mediseval England." GASTEIN (gas'tin), a romantic val- ley in the S. of the Austrian duchy of Salzburg, 28 miles long, with a number of small villages. The chief of these, Wildbad-Gastein, is a famous watering- place, and was .a favorite resort of the Emperor William I. of Germany. Here, Aug. 14, 1865, a convention was signed between Austria and Prussia, which, by a partition of Schleswig and Holstein, for a short period prevented the rupture between the rival powers. Pop. of the valley about 5,000. GASTEROPODA (-.op'o-da), in zool- ogy, gasteropods; the most typical, though not the most highly-organized class of the sub-kingdom Mollusca. Its essential character is that the under side of the body constitutes a single muscu- lar foot, on which the animal creeps or glides. Most of the gasteropoda have univalve shells, a few have them tubu- lar or conical; in one the shell is multi- valve, and in some it is internal or want- ing. Most of the spiral shells are dex- tral, a few are sinistral. Some have an operculum closing the aperature of the shell. The animal has a head furnished with two, four, or six tentacles, or these are wholly wanting. There is a mantle, in the folds of which the shell is pro- duced. Some breathe air, the others water. Cuvier divided the gasteropoda into eight orders (1) Pectenibranchiata, (2) Scutibranchiata, (3) Cyclobranehi- ata, (4) Tabulibranchiata, (5) Pulmon- ata, (6) Tectibranchiata, (7) Infero- branohiata, (8) Ntidibranchiata. Wood- ward and others have divided the class into four orders only. (1) Prosobranchi- ata, including the first four of Couvier's orders, (2) Pulmonata, corresponding to his 5th, (3) Opisthobranchiata, compre- hending his 6th, 7th, and 8th orders; and (4) Nucleobranchiata, which Cuvier had made a distinct class — Heteropoda (q. v.). The Prosobranchiata have been arranged in two divisions: Siphonosto- mata, and Holostomata; and the Opis- thobranchiata also in two: Tectibranchi- ata and Nndibranchiata. In palaeontology, gasteropoda are found in all the formations from the Upper Cambrian rocks till now. GASTON DE FOIX (gas-ton de fwa) , a Duke of Nemours, a French soldier; born in 1489. He was son of John de Foix, Count d'Estampes, and Mary of Orleans, sister of Louis XII. whose fa- vorite he became. At the age of 23 he routed a Svsdss army, rapidly crossed four rivers, drove the Pope from Bo- logna, and won the celebrated battle of Ravenna, April 11, 1512, but was killed while attempting to cut off a body of re- treating Spaniards. GASTONIA, a city of North Carolina, the county-seat of Gaston co. It is on the Southern, the Piedmont and Northern and the Carolina and North- western railroads. Its industries are of great importance and include cotton mills, oil works, manufactures of cotton- mill machinery, brooms, cement, wood fiber, etc. Pop. (1910) 5,759; (1920) 12,871. GASTRIC JUICE, a colorless liquid secreted by the stomach containing about 98.5 percent, of water; when evaporated to dryness and burnt, the ashes consist chiefly of sodium chloride. The gastric juice also contains a free acid, probably hydrochloric acid, and a peculiar sub- stance called Pepsine (g. v.), to which, and the presence of the free acid, the power of digesting food possessed by the gastric juice appears to be due. GASTRITIS (-tri'tis), inflammation of the stomach, either acute or chronic, usually most severe at the pyloric orifice, generally caused by corrosive or irri-
