GOOD HOPE, CAPE OF 360 GOOBKHAS GOOD HOPE, CAPE OF, the cape at the S. end of the narrow peninsula run- ning S. from Cape Town, South Africa. The name is a translation of the Portu- guese Cabo da Boa Esperanga, the name given by King John II., of Portugal, because its doubling in 1487 by Bar- tholomew Diaz, who called it Cabo Tor- mentoso, or Stormy Cape, afforded good hope of the discovery of the long-sought- for sea-way to India. GOODNOW, FBANK JOHNSON, an American economist and educator; born in Brooklyn, N. Y., in 1859. He gradu- ated from Amherst College in 1879 and took post-graduate studies at Columbia and in Paris. He was on the faculty of Columbia University and professor of law and political science from 1883 to 1907. In 1913-1914 he acted as legal ad- viser to the Chinese Government. He was appointed president of Johns Hop- kins University in the latter year. His published writings include "Municipal Problems" (1897) ; "City Government in the United States" (1904) ; "Municipal Government" (1910) ; "Social Reform and the Constitution" (1911). He also edited many works on the Constitution and Government. He was a member of many learned societies. GOODRICH, CASPAR FREDERICK, an American naval officer; born in Phila- delphia in 1847. He graduated from the United States Naval Academy in 1864. He was appointed ensign in 1866. He saw service during the Civil War, and served on several naval vessels from 1865 to 1871, when he again attended the Naval Academy. He commanded a de- tachment of sailors and marines, landed at Alexandria in 1882 to police the burn- ing city, and during the same year he was naval attache on the staff of Sir Garnet Wolseley during the Tel-el-Kebir campaign. In 1884 he brought the Gree- ley relief ship "Alert" to New York. After serving on special duty he was ap- pointed president of the Naval War Col- lege in 1897-1898. During the Spanish- American War he commanded the "St. Louis" and "Newark" and the "Iowa." In 1905-1906 he was commander-in-chief of the Pacific squadron, and from 1907 to 1909 he was commandant of the Navy Yard in New York. He was retired in 1909. In 1918-1919 he was commandant of the Naval Unit of Princeton Univer- sity. From 1914 to 1916 he was presi- dent of the Naval History Society. GOODRICH, SAMUEL GRISWOLD, pseudonym Peter Parley, an American author; born in Ridgefield, Conn., Aug. 19, 1793. He edited the "Token," pub- lished in Boston from 1828 till 1842. From 1841 till 1854 he edited "Merry's Museum and Parley's Magazine." His "Peter Parley" books won great popu- larity. Among the 200 volumes pub- lished by him are: "The Poetical Works of John Trumbull" (1820) ; "Tales of Peter Parley About America" (1827) ; similar books on Europe, Asia, Africa, and other countries. He died in New York City, May 9, 1860. GOODWIN, MAUD WILDER, an American writer; born in Ballston Spa, N. Y., in 1856. Her novels include "The Colonial Cavalier"; "White Aprons"; "Sir Christopher"; "Veronica Playfair." She wrote "Dutch and English on the Hudson," and was a co-editor of "His- toric New York." GOODWIN, WILLIAM WATSON, an American educator; born in Concord, Mass., May 9, 1831; was graduated at Harvard College in 1851; became Pro- fessor of Greek Literature in Harvard in 1860-1901. He is the author of "Syn- tax of the Moods and Tenses of the Greek Verb"; "Greek Grammar"; etc. He died in 1912. GOODYEAR, CHARLES, an Ameri- can inventor; born in New Haven, Conn., Dec. 29, 1800. He failed as an iron manufacturer in 1830, but in 1834 turned his attention to india-rubber, the manu- factured products of which had hitherto proved failures because of their liability to soften in the heat of summer. Amid poverty and ridicule, sometimes in prison for debt, he patiently pursued the experi- ments which, after he had obtained a fresh idea from his assistant Hayward's use of sulphur, ended, in 1844, in the issue of his patent for vulcanized rubber. This process he afterward perfected. It required 60 patents to secure his inven- tions. He received medals at London (1851) and Paris (1855), as well as the cross of the Legion of Honor; though kept in continual litigation and conse- quent poverty by shameless infringe- ments of his rights, he yet lived to see his material applied to nearly 500 uses. He died in New York City, July 1, 1860. GOONASS PASS, a pass in Bussahir, across the S. range of the Himalaya, 16,000 feet above the sea. GOORKHAS, or GURKHAS, the dom- inant race in Nepal, descended from Hindu immigrants and claiming a Raj- put origin. They overran the Khat- mandu valley, and extended their power over Nepal in 1767-1768. Their advance S. led to the Nepal or Goorkha War of 1814-1815, and General Ochterlony's spirited campaign brought about the treaty of Segauli, which still defines English relations with Nepal, and which ceded various tracts in the Himalayas.
