GRAND CANON 877 GRAND JUNCTION tip in Illinois, Indiana, Wisconsin, Iowa, Missouri, and othei" States. The first National Convention was held in Indian- apolis, Ind., Nov. 20, 1866, with delegates from 10 States and the District of Co- lumbia. Gen. Stephen A. Hurlbut, of Illinois, was chosen commander-in-chief and Dr. B. F. Stephenson, adjutant-gen- eral. The next National Convention was held in Philadelphia, Pa., Jan. 15, 1868, when it was enacted that annual sessions should be held. The main purpose of the Grand Army of the Republic and the qualifications of its members are given in the sixth rule of the organization, which is as follows: "To maintain true allegiance to the United States of Amer- ica, based on a paramount respect for, and fidelity to, its Constitution and laws, to discountenance whatever tends to weaken loyalty, incites to insurrection, treason, or rebellion, or in any manner impairs the efficiency and parmanency of our free institutions; and to encourage the spread of universal liberty, equal rights, and justice to all men. Soldiers and sailors of the United States army, navy, or marine corps, who served be- tween April 12, 1861, and April 9, 1865, in the war for the suppression of the rebellion, and those having been honor- ably discharged therefrom after such ser- vice, and of such State regiments as were called into active service and subject to the orders of the United States general officers between the dates mentioned, shall be eligible to membership in the Grand Army of the Republic. No person shall be eligible to membership who has at any time borne arms against the United States." In 1919 there were about 4,700 posts, with a total membership of about 100,000. GRAND CANON (kan'yon), a gor^e through which the Colorado river flows an Arizona; 65 miles from Flagstaff. It is one of the natural wonders with which that country abounds. The caiion is a gorge 217 miles long, or with the addition of Marble Canon, connected with it, 286 miles. It is from 9 to 13 miles wide and 6,300 feet below the level of the plateau. This depth is maintained for about 50 miles and surpasses that of any other caiion in the world. GRANDCOURT, village of France, on the Ancre, which was the scene of much fighting in the battle of the Ancre in November, 1916. The Germans had constructed in the vicinity a labyrinth of trenches. The western outskirt was taken by the British but they were ex- pelled by the Germans. Battle fluctuated over the region till the final retreat fol- lowing on the arrival of Americans. GRAND FORKS, a city and county- seat of Grand Forks co., N. D.; on the Red River of the North and the Great Northern and the Northern Pacific rail- roads; 25 miles N. W. of Crookston. It is the seat of the University of North Dakota, St. Bernard's Academy, and Grand Forks College; and contains a high school, 2 National banks, and daily and weeky newspapers. There are flour and lumber mills, large agricultural and lumbering industries. Pop. (1910) 12,478; (1920) 14,010. GRAND GULF, a locality in Missis- sippi, on the Mississippi river, S. of Vicksburg. The Confederate batteries at this place were attacked by the forces under Farragut, March 31, 1863, and frequent shelling and bombarding oc- curred from that time until May 3, when the place surrendered to the land and naval forces under Grant and Porter. GRAND HAVEN, a city of Michigan, the county-seat of Ottawa co. It is a port of entry and is situated at the mouth of the Grand River. It is on the Grand Trunk, Grand Haven, and Mus- kegon, and the Pere Marquette railroads. It has an excellent harbor and is con- nected by steamship lines with the prin- cipal lake ports. It has an important fishing industry and is the center of ex- tensive fruit and celery-growing inter- ests. Its industries include the manu- facture of engines, printing presses, baskets, barrels, shoes, etc. Its institu- tions include a public library, Akeley College for girls, a United States custom house, and a county court house. In the vicinity are Highland Park and Spring Lake, which are attractive summer resorts. Pop. (1910) 5,856; (1920) 7,205. GRAND ISLAND, a city of Nebraska, the county-seat of Hall co. It is on the Union Pacific, the Burlington Route, and the St. Joseph and Grand Island rail- roads. Its industries include a heet- sugar factory, cement-block factory, candy factory, wire factories, broom fac- tories, etc. It has the railroad shops of the Union Pacific. Its notable insti- tutions include a public library, St. Fran- cis Hospital, and the Nebraska Soldiers' and Sailors' Home It is the seat of Grand Island College. Pop. (1910) 10,326; (1920) 13,947. GRAND JUNCTION, a city of Colo- rado, the county-seat of Mesa co. It is on the Denver and Rio Grande, the Colo- rado Midland, and the Grand Junction and Grand River Valley railroads, and at the junction of the Grand and Gun- nison rivers. It is the center of an im- portant agricultural region and is espe-
