GBANO 378 GRANITE CITY cially noted for its fruit growing. There are extensive coal mines in the neigh- borhood and its industries include ma- chine shops, lumber yards, railroad shops, brick works, and a beet-sugar factory. Its public buildings include a public library. Pop. (1910) 7,754; (1920) 8,665, GRAND, MME. SARAH, an English novelist; born (Frances Elizabeth Clarke) in Ireland. She married a Brit- ish naval officer almost immediately on leaving school, and traveled widely- "The Heavenly Twins" made her famous. "Singularly Deluded" and "Ideala"; "Babs the Impossible" (1900) ; Emo- tional Moments" (1908); "Adam's Or- chard" (1912), are among her other works of fiction. She lectured in the United States in 1901. GRANDPRE, a village of France, in Ardennes, on the Aire, 36 miles S. E. of Mezieres. It was at first taken by the Germans but relinquished by them following the battle of the Marne. Some of the fiercest battles of the war with the French troops were fought in the region. GRAND PRIX DE ROME, a prize given annually by the Academy of Fine Arts in Paris to the most successful com- petitor in painting, music, sculpture, etc. The winners of the prize become the charge of the government for four years and are sent to Rome to reside. GRAND RAPIDS, a citj, port of entry, and county-seat of Kent co., Mich.; on both sides of the Grand river, and on the Pere Marquette, the Michi- gan Central, the Lake Shore and Michi- gan Southern, and several other rail- roads; 60 miles N. W. of Lansing. There is direct steamboat communication with Chicago, Milwaukee, and other cities. It IP +he second largest city in the State in population and commercial impor- tance. ^ Area, 18 square miles. Business Interests. The Grand river at this point has a fall of 18 feet, sup- plying excellent water power for the ex- tensive manufacture of school furniture, bicycles, brass goods, flour, brushes, felt, carpet sweepers and refrigerators. The gypsum quarries of Grand Rapids have the largest output in the world. In 1919 there were 3 National banks and several ])rivate banking institutions. The ex- change at the United States clearing- house here amounted to $272,016,000. Public Interests. — The city has an ex- cellent system of streets and electric ighting and waterworks plants, both owned by the city. The noteworthy buildings include the City Hall, St. Ce- celia and Peninsular Club Houses, Briggs and Blodgett Blocks, Pythian Temple, County, Federal and Y. M. C. A. buildings and numerous churches. There are many public schools and the Central High School. Among the chari- table institutions are the Michigan State Soldiers' Home, Union Benevolent Home, Masonic Home, and Catholic Home. The city has a splendid system of pleas- ure grounds and public parks. History. — Grand Rapids was settled in 1833 on the site of an Indian village, and incorporated as a city in 1850. Pop. (1910) 112,571; (1920) 137,634- GRAND RAPIDS, a city of Wisconsin the county-seat of Wood co. It is on the Chicago, Milwaukee, and St. Paul, the Minneapolis, St. Paul and Sault Ste. Marie, the Chicago and Northwestern, and the Green Bay and Western rail- roads, and on the Wisconsin river, which is spanned by a fine bridge. Its industries include foundry and machine shops, and manufacture of paper, etc. Water power is furnished by the river. There is a hos- pital, a library, and several parks. The name of the city was changed to Wis- consin Rapids on August 4, 1920. Pop. (1910) 6,541; (1920) 7,243. GRAND VIZIER (vi-zer'), the prime minister of the Turkish Empire. GRANGE, see Husbandry. Patrons OF. GRANICUS (gra-ne'kus). a river of Bithynia, famous for a battle fought on its banks between the troops of Alex- ander the Great and those of Darius, 334 B. c, when 600,000 Persians were de- feated by 30,000 Macedonians. GRANITE, an unstratified rock, nor- mally consisting of three simple min- erals, feldspar, quartz, and mica, or, in Dana's nomenclature of orthoclase, quartz, and mica. For a long time the universally accepted view, which is still the prevalent one, was that it is an "ig- neous" rock, of a "plutonic" type. The difl^culty has, however, to be encountered that it is not seen in process of forma- tion on the earth's surface. This has been met by the hypothesis that it orig- inates beneath the surface and under high pressure, produced in most cases by earth, but in some instances by a weight of incumbent water. The production of granite in the United States in 1919 was about 4,000,000 short tons, valued at about $23,000,000. The leading States in its production are Maine, Massachusetts, Vermont, and Delaware. GRANITE CITY, a city of Illinois, in Madison co. It is opposite St. Louis, Mo., and is on the Chicago and Alton, the Chicago, Peoria, and St- Louis, the Cleveland, Cincinnati Chicago, and St. Louis, and other railroads. It is an in*-
