HAINAULT 443 HAITI to 111° E.; area 16,000 square miles. Fop, about 2,000,000. The E. coast is steep and rocky; the N. W. coast is unap- proachable because of sand-banks; but the S. coast is indented with several com- modious and safe harbors. The interior of the island is mountainous and barren, but the low lands near the sea are fer- tile and well cultivated. Products, sugar, pearls, coral, wax, gold, and silver. The metropolis of the whole island is Kiang- chow. Pop. over 50,000. Though the Chinese have possessed this island since 108 B. C, yet there are in the interior some wild and hitherto unsubdued tribes. HAINAULT, a frontier province of Belgium, bounded E. by Namur, N. by Brabant, E. and W. by Flanders, and on the S. W. by France; area, 1,437 square miles. Products, wheat, flax; excellent breeds of horses, horned cattle ; and sheep are also reared. Extensive coal fields, iron mines, marble and limestone quar- ries. Pop. (1918) 1,214,093. Manufac- tures, linen, porcelain, and pens. Prin- cipal rivers, Haine (whence the name), Sambre, Meuse, and Scheldt. Chief towns, Mons (the capital, pop. about 27,- 000), Tournay, Ath, Soignies, Charleroi, and Thuin. Hainault was governed by a regular succession of counts from the time of Regnier I., who began to reign about 860. In 1436 it passed into the hands of Philip the Good, Duke of Bur- gundy, and by the treaties of the Pyre- nees, Nov. 7, 1659, and of Nimeguen, Sept. 17, 1678, part was ceded to France, forming the province of French Hai- nault. In 1814 it was allotted to the Low Countries, and in 1830 was incorporated with Belgium. The province was over- run by the Germans and occupied by them in the first months of the World War. At Charleroi and Mons the French and British suffered reverses that forced their retreat to the Marne. HAINBURG (hln'borc), a walled town of Austria; on the Danube; 27 miles E. S. E. of Vienna, with a royal tobacco factory. It is usually identified with the ancient Carnuntum; and a Roman aqueduct still supplies its market place with water. In the "Nibelungen- lied" the castle of Hainburg is called Heimburc, the border fortress of the country of the Huns. It was taken from the Hungarians in 1042 by the Emperor Henry III., and afterward became a resi- dence of the Austrian princes. In 1482 it was stormed by Matthew Corvinus, in 1683 by the Turks; and in 1827 it was burned to the ground. Pop. about 15,- 200. HAINICHEN (hi'nich-en), a town of Saxony, the center of the German flannel manufacture; 13 miles N. E. of Chem- nitz. Besides its staple product, it al.so manufactures cloth, leather, chenille, and plush. Here Gellert was born in 1715. HAIR, a small filament issuing from the skin of an animal, and from a bulb- ous root; or the collection or mass ol filaments growing from the skin of an animals, and forming an integument or covering. HAITI, a republic on the island of Haiti, W. I. ; bounded by the Dominican Republic, Atlantic Ocean, and Caribbean Sea; area 11,072 square miles; Pop. about 2,500,000; Port-au-Prince, capital (1919) 101,272; other important towns are: Cape Haitien (19,000), Cayes (12,- 000), Gonaives (30,000), Port de Paix (10,000). Topography. — The country is moun- tainous, being traversed by a volcanic range, which sends out lateral spurs, ter- minating in headlands on the doast. Cibao, the loftiest peak, reaches an alti- tude of 7,000 feet. The rivers are small and few in number and unnavigable. The lakes are quite numerous, and the salt lake of Henriquillo, near the S. shore, is remarkable for showing, by its tides, subterranean connection with the Caribbean Sea. Climate and Productions. — The climate is semi-tropical, but tempered by the sea breezes, and this, with its well-watered soil, makes Haiti the most fertile of the West Indies. The industries of Haiti are mainly agricultural, coffee being the principal product. Cocoa, cotton, sugar, and tobacco are grown, and considerable rum, and other spirits distilled. The mineral resources are undeveloped, but are known to be of considerable impor- tance. Copper, iron, nickel, gypsum, lime- stone, and porphyry are found in the N, Cotntnerce. — Imports in 1918 were valued at $10,500,000; exports $11,000,- 000. The exports consist principally of coffee, cocoa, logwood, cotton, hides, skins, corn, mahogany, and honey. The import trade is carried on principally with the United States, Great Britain, France, and Spain. In 1917 the external debt of Haiti was 120,912,060 francs, the inter- nal debt 3,368,705 francs. Govet-nment. — The government is that of a republic. The constitution dating from June 14, 1867, was revised in 1918. The legislative authority rests in a Na- tional Assembly, divided into two cham- bers, the Senate and the House of Rep- resentatives. The deputies are elected for 2 years, 1 for every 60,000 popula- tion. The Senate consists of 15 member* elected by popular vote for a term of six years. The executive power is vested
