HAKE 444 HALBERSTADT in the president, elected by the National Assembly for a term of four years. The administration is carried on under the president by 5 secretaries. President in 1919 (elected in 1915), M. Philippe S. Dartiguenave. Religion and Education. — The author- ized religion is nominally Roman Catho- lic. Instruction in elementary grades is free, and supported by the government to the extent of $1,000,000 annually. Edu- cation was made compulsory in 1910. In 1918 there were 886 schools with about 66,500 students. History. — Haiti was a French colony previous to 1804 when it was proclaimed independent. Several insurrections have taken place, and attempts have been made to annex it to the United States. The inhabitants are mostly negroes or mulat- toes, speaking either French or a dialect known as Creole French. An armed con- stabulary was established in 1910 con- sisting of 110 officers and 26,888 men. In 1912 the United States Government used its influence to prevent a war be- tween Haiti and the Dominican Republic. In 1914 owing to insurrections and threatened international complications the United States landed marines, occu- pied the fort, took charge of the customs and practically assumed a protectorate over Haiti. In July, 1918, the republic declared war against the Central Powers. HAKE, a genus of fishes of the cod family (Gadidse) , having a flattened head, an elongated body, two dorsal fins, of which the first is short, and the second very long, one very long anal fin, and the mouth destitute of barbels. One species, the common hake (M. vulgaHs), is found in the British seas, in those of the N. of Europe, and in the Mediter- ranean. It is sometimes 3 or 4 feet in length; and is of a whitish color, grayish on the back. It is a very voracious fish, devouring great numbers of herrings and pilchards; hence it is frequently called the herring hake. It is important as an article of human food and of com- merce, being ^Ited and dried in the same manner as cod and ling. It is gen- erally taken by lines, like cod and ling. One other species is known, M. gayi, which is common in the Strait of Magel- lan and on the coasts of Chile, and also occurs in New Zealand. HAKE, THOMAS GORDON, an Eng- glish poet and physician; born in Leeds in 1809. He took his medical degree at Glasgow University in 1831, and prac- ticed his profession in East Anglia, later becoming the physician and friend of Dante Gabriel Rossetti. His poetry is thoroughly original, but quaint, vague, and subtly philosophical. His works in« elude: "Poetic Lucubrations" (1828); "Vates: A Prose Epic" (1839); "New Symbols," verse (1875) ; "Maiden Ec- stasy," verse (1880) ; "A Divine Pas- toral" (1883). He died in London, Jan. 11, 1895. HAKLUYT, RICHARD (hak'lot), an English author; born about 1553; was educated at Oxford University. He was the author of "Four Voyages Touching the Discovery of America and Islands Adjacent to the Same" (1582) ; "Four Voyages to Florida" (1587) ; "The Prin- cipal Navigations, Voyages, and Discov- eries Made by the English Nation"; etc. He died Oct. 23, 1616. HAKODATE (ha-ko-da'ta), the chief port of Yezo, Japan, situated on a peninsula in the Strait of Tsugaru. The town is built partly on the inner slope of the Gibraltar-like hill (1,200 feet) which dominates the strait, partly on the low, sandy peninsula connecting the hill with the main island. The climate is severe. Hakodate, which has a magnificent har- bor, is (since 1859) one of the open ports of Japan, and carries on a brisk export trade in seaweed, sulphur, beche de mer, salted salmon, matches, etc. Pop. about 102,400. HAL (hal), a town in South Brabant, Belgium; 9 miles S. S. W. from Brussels. The church of St. Mary (1341-1409) is much resorted to by pilgrims on account of a black miracle-working wooden image of the Virgin, which during a bombard- ment in 1580 caught 33 cannon-balls in her lap — they lay piled up in the tower. Pop. about 14,300. HALBERSTADT (hal'ber-stat) , a quaint old town of Prussian Saxony; in a fertile plain extending from the N. foot of the Harz Mountains, 25 miles S. W. of Magdeburg. The cathedral, containing fine painted glass, and valuable antiqui- ties and objects of art, restored in 1850-1871, is the most notable building in the town. It was erected in the 13th and 14th centuries in the Pointed style. Other buildings of interest are the church of Our Lady (1146), with antique reliefs and wall-paintings; the town house (1360-1381), before which stands a Roland pillar; the wine cellar beneath the town house; and the Peterhof, formerly the residence of the bishops. The chief industries of the town are gloves, cigars, machines, sugar, leather, paper, spirits, etc.; and there are also large workshops for railway repairs. Halberstadt dates from 820, the year in which the see was transplanted from Osterwieck to the site of the town OE
